33 articles
Computed tomography–magnetic resonance imaging fusion
Computed tomography–magnetic resonance imaging (CT–MRI) fusion aligns CT and MRI scans of the same patient into a single image, combining bone detail with soft-tissue contrast.
Computer Assisted Radiographic Image Interpretation
Computer-assisted radiographic image interpretation (CAD/CADe/CADx) uses algorithms as a radiologist's second reader. Began 1960s, systematized 1980s at University of Chicago; first FDA approval 1998 (R2 ImageChecker); deep-learning AI now dominant.
Computer-aided detection
Computer-aided detection (CADe) is pattern-recognition software that marks suspicious lesions on radiological images for a radiologist to review, serving as a second opinion rather than an autonomous diagnosis.
Computer-aided polyp detection
Computer-aided polyp detection (CADe) is medical imaging software that flags likely polyps in real time during colonoscopy, drawing on-screen cues to lesions endoscopists would otherwise miss.
Computer-Assisted Image Interpretation
Computer-Assisted Image Interpretation (MeSH D007090): methods and CAD systems aiding interpretation of radiographic, ultrasound, and other medical images, split into CADe detection and CADx diagnosis, with the radiologist making the final decision.
CT severity score
The CT severity score (CT-SS) is a semi-quantitative radiological method grading lung involvement on chest CT, widely applied during the COVID-19 pandemic to predict ICU admission and death.
CT texture analysis
CT texture analysis (CTTA) is a radiomics method that extracts statistical texture features from CT images to quantify tissue and lesion heterogeneity, used in tumor grading, prognosis, and therapy response assessment.
Deep learning image reconstruction
Deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR, also DLR) is a medical imaging method using deep neural networks to denoise CT images, enabling lower radiation dose or faster scans.
Deformable image registration
Deformable image registration is a medical image processing method that aligns two images of anatomy by locally warping one until its structures match, used most extensively in radiotherapy treatment planning.
Functional respiratory imaging
Functional respiratory imaging (FRI) is a computational method combining high-resolution lung CT scans with computational fluid dynamics to quantify regional ventilation and airway resistance in respiratory disease.
High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography
High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) is a low-dose X-ray method for imaging the distal radius and tibia in vivo to quantify bone microstructure and volumetric density.
Image Enhancement
Image enhancement: improving picture quality via computer processing, digital filtering, contrast agents, and deep-learning denoising, chiefly in medical imaging; MeSH descriptor D007089, introduced 1973, distinct from image segmentation or diagnosis.
Imaging Phantoms
An imaging phantom is a physical object or digital file engineered to mimic human tissue, used to test and calibrate medical imaging scanners against known reference values.
Iterative reconstruction
Iterative reconstruction is a medical imaging method that repeatedly refines an image estimate against measured data, cutting noise and CT radiation dose; it became routine in CT around 2008.
Karyometry
Karyometry (karyometric image analysis) is the quantitative microscopic study of chromatin spatial distribution in cell nuclei, used in pathology for cancer detection, chemoprevention trials, and DNA-based screening, distinct from chromosome karyotyping.
Maximum intensity projection
Maximum intensity projection (MIP) is a volume rendering technique that projects the brightest voxel value along each viewing ray onto a 2D image, standard for CT and MR angiography.
Medical image analysis
Medical image analysis: computer science field applying computer vision, machine learning, and deep learning to X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, and OCT images for diagnosis; flagship journal Medical Image Analysis (1996) and MICCAI meeting.
Medical Imaging Interaction Toolkit (MITK)
The Medical Imaging Interaction Toolkit (MITK) is a free, open-source C++ framework for medical image computing developed at the German Cancer Research Center in Heidelberg.
Metal artifact reduction
Metal artifact reduction (MAR) is a set of CT image-processing methods that suppress streaks and distortion caused by metal implants such as hip prostheses and dental fillings.
MRI texture analysis
MRI texture analysis is a quantitative image-analysis method that converts spatial gray-level patterns in MRI scans into numerical features used for tissue characterization, tumor grading, and prognosis.
Multiplanar reconstruction
Multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), also called multiplanar reformation, is a medical imaging post-processing method that resamples CT or MRI scans into new axial, coronal, sagittal, or oblique 2D images.
Multiplexed immunofluorescence
Multiplexed immunofluorescence (mIF) is a tissue-imaging method that detects multiple protein targets simultaneously in one section, quantifying immune cell types and their spatial arrangement in tumors.
Multiplexed tissue imaging
Multiplexed tissue imaging, also known as highly multiplexed tissue imaging, is a family of methods that measure dozens of biomarkers simultaneously in a single tissue section.
Perfusion mapping
Perfusion mapping is a family of imaging methods that measure blood flow through tissue, using MRI techniques like DSC, DCE, and ASL, plus CT perfusion.
Peripheral quantitative computed tomography
Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) is a low-dose CT technique measuring volumetric bone density and geometry at peripheral sites like the radius and tibia, separating cortical from trabecular bone.
Quantitative computed tomography
Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) is a medical imaging technique that converts CT measurements into calibrated bone density values in mg/cm³, used to diagnose and monitor osteoporosis and enable opportunistic screening.
Quantitative coronary angiography
Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) is an image-analysis method that measures coronary artery dimensions and stenosis severity from X-ray angiograms, and is the standard objective measure used in core laboratories and for stent sizing.
Quantitative CT
Quantitative CT (QCT) is a set of computational methods that extract numerical measurements, chiefly volumetric bone mineral density, from CT images rather than visual reading.
Radiographic Image Enhancement
Radiographic image enhancement is the digital processing of X-ray and other radiation images after acquisition, adjusting contrast and frequency properties so clinically important features stand out.
Radiomics
Radiomics is a method in medical imaging, defined in 2012, that extracts hundreds of quantitative features from radiographic images to build statistical models for diagnosis and prognosis.