64 articles
4D flow MRI
4D flow MRI is a phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging technique that measures blood flow velocity in three dimensions over the cardiac cycle, used in cardiovascular diagnosis.
Abdominal compression
Abdominal compression is an MRI motion-suppression technique in which a belt, plate, or pneumatic pad restricts diaphragm motion, reducing respiratory ghosting and blurring in abdominal imaging.
Apparent diffusion coefficient
The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is a quantitative measure from diffusion-weighted MRI of water mobility in tissue, reduced within minutes in acute stroke and typically lower in cellular tumors.
CAPTIVA-MRI study
CAPTIVA-MRI (NCT05907629) is an observational multimodal MRI study ancillary to the CAPTIVA stroke trial, testing whether MRI biomarkers identify intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis patients who fail best medical management.
CEST imaging
CEST imaging is a magnetic resonance technique that saturates exchangeable protons on solutes and reads the water signal loss, revealing tissue pH, metabolites, and protein content without contrast agents.
Chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging is an MRI technique that detects low-concentration metabolites and proteins through the water signal, introduced by Ward, Aletras, and Balaban in 2000.
Chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI is an imaging technique that detects tissue pH and millimolar metabolites, with clinical studies in stroke, cancer, and osteoarthritis.
Constructive interference steady-state (MRI)
Constructive interference in steady state (CISS) is a 3D MRI gradient-echo sequence used chiefly to image the inner ear and cranial nerves, sold by GE as FIESTA-C.
Continuous arterial spin labeling
Continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) is a magnetic resonance perfusion technique that magnetically labels arterial blood water to quantify cerebral blood flow without contrast agents or radiation.
Deuterium metabolic imaging
Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) is a magnetic resonance technique that maps metabolism in living tissue by administering deuterium-labeled glucose and imaging its conversion into products like lactate.
Dixon MRI
Dixon MRI is a magnetic resonance imaging technique, reported by W. T. Dixon in 1984, that separates water and fat signals to produce fat-suppressed images and quantitative fat-fraction maps.
Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI
Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is an MRI technique that rapidly images tissue before, during, and after gadolinium injection to quantify perfusion and vascular permeability, chiefly in oncology.
Echo-planar imaging
Echo-planar imaging (EPI) is a fast MRI pulse sequence, proposed by Peter Mansfield in 1977, that acquires images in tens of milliseconds and underlies fMRI and diffusion imaging.
Fast spin echo
Fast spin echo (FSE), also called turbo spin echo (TSE), is an MRI pulse sequence, based on the 1986 RARE technique, that is the workhorse for T2-weighted clinical MRI.
Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI
Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is an MRI pulse sequence that suppresses cerebrospinal fluid signal so lesions near fluid stand out, especially in multiple sclerosis, first reported in 1992.
Fluorine-19 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Fluorine-19 MRI (19F MRI) detects administered fluorinated agents such as perfluorocarbon cell labels against a zero-fluorine background, enabling quantitative, background-free tracking of therapeutic and immune cells in vivo.
Gadodiamide
Gadodiamide (brand name Omniscan) is a linear gadolinium-based contrast agent injected intravenously to enhance MRI, approved in the United States in 1993 but suspended in the European Union since 2017 over brain gadolinium retention.
Gadopiclenol
Gadopiclenol (Elucirem, Vueway) is a high-relaxivity macrocyclic gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent approved by the FDA in 2022 and EMA in 2023, dosed at 0.05 mmol/kg, half the standard GBCA dose, with renal excretion and noninferior efficacy to gadobutrol.
Gadoversetamide
Gadoversetamide (OptiMARK), a linear nonionic gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent, Gd-DTPA-bis(methoxyethylamide), FDA-approved 1999 at 0.1 mmol/kg for CNS and liver imaging; discontinued in the US and its EU authorisation expired in 2017 over NSF and gadolinium retention concerns.
Gradient echo
Gradient echo (GRE) is an MRI pulse sequence that forms its echo by reversing a readout gradient instead of a refocusing pulse, allowing fast, T2-weighted imaging.
Hyperpolarized MRI
Hyperpolarized MRI is a molecular imaging technique that boosts the carbon-13 MRI signal over 10,000-fold, letting scans map enzyme-driven metabolism, most often with injected pyruvate, in real time.
Hyperpolarized MRI of inhaled xenon
Hyperpolarized MRI of inhaled xenon is an MRI technique in which magnetically prepared xenon-129 gas is inhaled to map lung ventilation and gas exchange without ionizing radiation.
In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy
In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive technique that measures metabolite concentrations in living tissue using MRI signals, distinguishing brain tumors from other lesions and monitoring disease.
Late gadolinium enhancement
Late gadolinium enhancement is a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging technique in which injected gadolinium contrast highlights scar and fibrosis, marking irreversible injury and predicting outcomes.
Magnetic resonance angiography
Magnetic resonance angiography, or MR angiography, is a set of MRI techniques that visualize blood vessels and blood flow, often without injected contrast or ionizing radiation.
Magnetic resonance elastography
Magnetic resonance elastography is an MRI technique that measures soft tissue stiffness by imaging shear waves, used mainly to detect and stage liver fibrosis and reduce the need for liver biopsy.
Magnetic resonance fingerprinting
Magnetic resonance fingerprinting is a quantitative MRI technique, introduced at Case Western Reserve University in Nature in 2013, that measures several tissue properties simultaneously from one scan.
Magnetic Resonance Myelography
Magnetic resonance myelography (MRM) is a heavily T2-weighted MRI sequence showing CSF, the thecal sac, and nerve roots, used for spinal stenosis and CSF leak work-up, with or without intrathecal gadolinium.
Magnetic resonance neurography
Magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) is an MRI technique that images peripheral nerves directly, used to diagnose entrapment neuropathies, traumatic nerve injury, plexus disorders, and nerve sheath tumors.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, also called chemical shift imaging, is an MRI technique that maps metabolites across the brain, used to characterize tumors and epileptic foci.