27 articles
3D mammography
3D mammography, formally digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), is an X-ray imaging method that reconstructs thin breast slices, reducing tissue overlap, FDA approved for screening in 2011.
Abdominal radiography
Abdominal radiography is a planar X-ray examination of the abdomen, used to detect bowel obstruction, perforation, radiopaque stones, and foreign bodies, though CT has largely displaced it.
Absorptiometry
Absorptiometry is a family of diagnostic imaging methods that measure bone mineral density by passing X-rays or gamma-ray photons through the body, used to diagnose and monitor osteoporosis.
Automatic exposure control
Automatic exposure control (AEC) is a radiographic technique in which sensors behind the patient terminate the X-ray exposure once the image receptor receives a preset signal, keeping image quality consistent.
Bone densitometry
Bone densitometry is diagnostic imaging that quantifies the skeleton's mineral content to diagnose osteoporosis and estimate fracture risk, performed most often with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
Computed radiography
Computed radiography (CR) is a digital X-ray method that captures images on reusable phosphor plates in cassettes, then reads them with a laser; it is cheaper and more portable than digital radiography.
Contrast-enhanced mammography
Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) is a dual-energy breast imaging technique that uses injected iodinated contrast to reveal tumor blood vessels, with sensitivity approaching MRI at lower cost.
Conventional radiography
Conventional radiography is an imaging method that passes X-rays through a patient onto film or a digital detector, producing two-dimensional images used to diagnose disease.
Diagnostic mammography
Diagnostic mammography is a comprehensive breast X-ray workup for symptoms such as a palpable lump or abnormal screening findings, customized by an on-site supervising radiologist.
Digital breast tomosynthesis
Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is an X-ray technique that reconstructs low-dose breast projections into thin slices, revealing lesions hidden by overlapping tissue in 2D mammograms.
Digital radiography
Digital radiography (DR) is a medical imaging method that captures X-ray images with electronic detectors instead of screen-film cassettes, producing digital radiographs that can be processed, stored, and displayed electronically.
Dual Energy Scanned Projection Radiography
Dual Energy Scanned Projection Radiography (MeSH D015900), also called dual-energy subtraction radiography (DESR/DES), is a projection X-ray method that digitizes and subtracts high- and low-energy images to yield bone-selective and soft-tissue-selective radiographs, mainly for chest imaging.
Panoramic radiography
Panoramic radiography is a dental X-ray examination that captures the entire mouth in a single image, including the teeth, upper and lower jaws, and jaw joints.
Photofluorography
Photofluorography (fluorography, mass miniature radiography) photographs the X-ray image on a fluorescent screen onto small 7x7 or 10x10 cm film; used for mass TB chest screening from the 1940s, later replaced by digital radiography.
Plain radiography
Plain radiography is an imaging method in which an X-ray beam passed through a patient produces a two-dimensional image, first-line for suspected fractures, pneumonia, and intestinal obstruction.
Portable X-Ray
Portable X-ray machines are movable radiography units that image patients at the bedside, in nursing homes, prisons, homes, and the field. Developed for World War I armies, they now use battery-powered digital detectors for ICU monitoring and tuberculosis screening.
Portal imaging
Portal imaging, also called electronic portal imaging, acquires images using the radiotherapy treatment beam itself, captured by an electronic portal imaging device to verify patient positioning and delivered dose.
Radiographic Magnification
Radiographic magnification: enlargement of an X-ray image, factor M = SID/SOD. Used in magnification mammography for microcalcifications; geometric magnification outperforms electronic zoom; must be corrected in hip templating.
Radiostereometric analysis
Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) is a radiographic technique measuring three-dimensional micromotion of joint implants and bone segments in living patients, using paired simultaneous X-ray exposures and implanted tantalum markers.
Skeletal survey
A skeletal survey is a series of about twenty X-ray images of the entire skeleton, used mainly to detect fractures in suspected child abuse and bone disease in multiple myeloma.
Spectral mammography
Spectral mammography is an X-ray breast imaging technique that measures energy-dependent attenuation to characterize breast tissue, including contrast-enhanced spectral mammography, which uses iodinated contrast to show enhancing lesions.
Thoracic Radiography
Thoracic radiography (chest x-ray, MeSH D013902) is x-ray imaging of the chest and thoracic organs, not only lungs. Standard PA plus lateral views; first-line, low-dose, high-volume exam with limited sensitivity versus CT.
Tomosynthesis
Tomosynthesis is an X-ray technique that reconstructs cross-sectional slices from a limited-angle tube sweep, used mainly as digital breast tomosynthesis for screening and chest tomosynthesis for lung nodules.
X-Ray Film
X-ray film: silver halide emulsion on a polyester base, used with intensifying screens as the classic radiographic image receptor; 8–12 line pairs/mm resolution, limited dynamic range, now largely replaced by digital detectors.
X-Ray Intensifying Screens
X-ray intensifying screens are fluorescent phosphor sheets in film cassettes that convert X-rays to visible light, cutting patient dose. Calcium tungstate dominated from 1896 until rare-earth phosphors arrived in the 1970s.
Xeromammography
Xeromammography is xeroradiography of the breast, a filmless electrostatic X-ray method using selenium plates and dry toner, commercialized by Xerox around 1970-1971, widely used in the 1970s, and replaced by screen-film and digital mammography.
Xeroradiography
Xeroradiography is a dry electrostatic method for recording X-ray images using a selenium-coated plate and charged powder toner. It was widely used in mammography in the 1970s.