89 articles
Le Fort Osteotomy
Le Fort osteotomy: surgical cuts of the maxilla along René Le Fort's 1901 fracture lines (Le Fort I, II, III). Le Fort I repositions the tooth-bearing maxilla for malocclusion, sleep apnea, and midface deficiency; complications about 6.4%.
Mandibular reconstruction
Mandibular reconstruction is surgery that restores segmental defects of the lower jaw using vascularized bone flaps, bone grafts, or titanium plates, most often a free fibula flap.
Mandibulectomy
Mandibulectomy is surgery that removes part or all of the lower jaw bone to treat oral cavity tumors or advanced osteoradionecrosis, with marginal, segmental, and hemimandibulectomy types.
Mastoidectomy
A mastoidectomy is a temporal bone operation that opens the mastoid air cells behind the ear to eradicate infection or cholesteatoma and to reach deeper ear structures.
Maxillary osteotomy
A maxillary osteotomy cuts and repositions the upper jaw bone to correct jaw deformities, malocclusion, and obstructive sleep apnea, most often via the Le Fort I osteotomy.
Maxillectomy
Maxillectomy is a surgical operation to remove all or part of the maxilla, the upper jaw bone, performed mainly to treat maxillary sinus and nasal cavity tumors.
Maxillomandibular advancement
Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) is a skeletal surgery for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in which the upper and lower jaws are moved forward to enlarge the pharyngeal airway.
Maxillomandibular fixation
Maxillomandibular fixation, also called intermaxillary fixation, is a surgical technique that wires or binds the upper and lower teeth together to hold the jaw immobile while facial fractures heal.
Medial maxillectomy
Medial maxillectomy is a surgical procedure removing the medial maxillary sinus wall, lateral nasal wall, and ethmoid sinuses to treat sinonasal tumors such as inverted papilloma.
Modified radical neck dissection
Modified radical neck dissection (MRND) is surgery for head and neck cancer that removes cervical lymph nodes levels I through V while preserving structures like the spinal accessory nerve.
Myringoplasty
Myringoplasty is a surgical procedure that repairs a perforated eardrum by placing a graft over the defect, without opening the middle ear, to improve hearing and prevent infection.
Nasal Surgical Procedures
Nasal surgical procedures (septoplasty, rhinoplasty, turbinate reduction, nasal valve repair) operate on nasal structures to improve breathing, repair deformities, or change appearance; over 1.1 million rhinoplasties were performed worldwide in 2022.
Nasoalveolar molding
Nasoalveolar molding, also called presurgical nasoalveolar molding, is an orthodontic treatment for cleft lip and palate that reshapes the nose before surgical repair at 3 to 6 months.
Open rhinoplasty
Open rhinoplasty is a surgical technique for reshaping the nose in which the skin is lifted through an external incision across the columella, exposing the cartilage and bone directly.
Open thyroidectomy
Open thyroidectomy is a surgical procedure that removes all or part of the thyroid gland through a neck incision, used to treat goiter, hyperthyroidism, nodules, and thyroid cancer.
Ossicular replacement
Ossicular replacement, or ossiculoplasty, is a middle-ear operation that implants a prosthesis to rebuild the ossicular chain, restoring sound conduction between the tympanic membrane and the oval window.
Ossiculoplasty
Ossiculoplasty is a middle-ear operation that rebuilds the ossicular chain to reduce conductive hearing loss, closing the air–bone gap to 20 dB or less in roughly 60 to 80% of cases.
Otologic Surgical Procedures
Otologic surgical procedures are operations on the external, middle, or internal ear (MeSH D013506), including tympanoplasty, mastoidectomy, stapes surgery, and cochlear implantation, with endoscopic techniques now established alongside microscopic surgery.
Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures
Otorhinolaryngologic surgical procedures are operations on the ear, nose, and throat, including the adenoids, tonsils, pharynx, and trachea, classified as MeSH descriptor D013517 under Surgical Procedures, Operative.
Parathyroidectomy
Parathyroidectomy is the surgical removal of one or more parathyroid glands to treat hyperparathyroidism, the only definitive treatment for primary disease, curing over 99% of cases in randomized trials.
Parotidectomy
Parotidectomy is the partial or complete surgical removal of the parotid gland, the largest salivary gland, performed mainly for tumors while preserving the facial nerve.
Partial laryngectomy
Partial laryngectomy is an operation for laryngeal cancer that removes the tumor-bearing part of the larynx while preserving voice, breathing, and swallowing, with five-year survival often exceeding 70%.
Pediatric tonsillectomy
Pediatric tonsillectomy is the surgical removal of the palatine tonsils in children, performed mainly for recurrent tonsillitis and obstructive sleep-disordered breathing, with bleeding rates below 4 to 5%.
Pediatric tracheostomy
Pediatric tracheostomy is a surgical operation creating an opening in a child's trachea and inserting a tube for long-term ventilation, secretion management, or bypassing airway obstruction.
Percutaneous tracheostomy
Percutaneous tracheostomy, also called percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy, is a bedside procedure that creates a surgical airway using needle puncture and guidewire dilation instead of open surgery.
Petrosectomy
Petrosectomy is an operation in otology and skull base surgery that removes part or all of the petrous temporal bone, usually to eradicate chronic infection or cholesteatoma.
Pharyngectomy
Pharyngectomy: surgical removal of all or part of the pharynx (throat), mainly for throat cancer; ranges from oropharyngectomy to circumferential pharyngolaryngectomy with flap reconstruction.
Pharyngoplasty
Pharyngoplasty is surgery on the soft palate and pharyngeal walls, with variants that enlarge the velopharynx to treat sleep apnea or narrow it to correct velopharyngeal insufficiency.
Pharyngostomy
Pharyngostomy: surgical creation of an external opening into the pharynx for feeding, drainage, or salivary diversion; an alternative to nasogastric tubes now largely displaced by gastrostomy.
Piezoelectric surgery
Piezoelectric surgery, also called piezosurgery or piezoelectric bone surgery, cuts bone with ultrasonic microvibrations that spare adjacent soft tissue such as nerves, vessels, and mucosa.