71 articles
Intravitreal injection
An intravitreal injection delivers a drug, most often an anti-VEGF agent, directly into the vitreous humor of the eye to treat retinal disease such as age-related macular degeneration.
Iridectomy
Iridectomy is an ophthalmic surgical procedure that removes part of the iris, most often to relieve pupillary block in angle-closure glaucoma or to remove and examine iris tumors.
Iridotomy
Iridotomy, performed today as laser peripheral iridotomy, is an outpatient laser procedure that creates a small opening in the iris to relieve pupillary block in angle-closure glaucoma.
Keratectomy
Keratectomy is a corneal surgical procedure that removes corneal tissue to correct refractive error or treat anterior corneal disease, including laser forms PRK and PTK.
Keratomileusis
Keratomileusis, Greek for sculptured cornea, is a family of refractive surgical procedures that reshape the cornea to correct myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, including LASIK, PRK, and SMILE.
Keratotomy
Keratotomy is eye surgery that cuts incisions in the cornea to change its curvature and correct refractive error; radial keratotomy for myopia peaked in the 1980s before lasers replaced it.
LASEK
LASEK (laser epithelial keratomileusis) is a surface laser eye surgery for myopia and astigmatism, a modification of PRK that preserves the epithelium while avoiding LASIK flap complications.
Laser capsulotomy
Laser capsulotomy, or YAG laser posterior capsulotomy, is an outpatient ophthalmic procedure using an Nd:YAG laser to open the clouded lens capsule after cataract surgery.
Laser photocoagulation
Laser photocoagulation is an outpatient eye procedure in which a focused laser seals retinal leaks or destroys abnormal tissue, mainly treating diabetic retinopathy and retinal tears.
Laser-assisted cataract surgery
Laser-assisted cataract surgery, also known as femtosecond laser cataract surgery, uses a femtosecond laser for incisions, capsulotomy, and lens fragmentation, while phacoemulsification and lens insertion stay manual.
Lensectomy
Lensectomy is the surgical removal of the eye's crystalline lens, performed through the pars plana rather than routine corneal incisions, for unstable, subluxated, or displaced lenses.
Macular hole surgery
Macular hole surgery is a vitreoretinal operation combining pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling, and gas tamponade, achieving anatomical closure in 85 to 95% of eyes.
Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery
Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) is a group of ophthalmic procedures that lower eye pressure in glaucoma through tiny implants, with less tissue disruption than traditional surgery.
Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures
Ophthalmologic surgical procedures cover cataract extraction, glaucoma filtration and MIGS, corneal transplantation, and vitreoretinal surgery, from ancient couching to phacoemulsification, IOLs, femtosecond lasers, and robotic systems.
Panretinal photocoagulation
Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) is a laser treatment that destroys ischemic peripheral retina to reduce VEGF and new vessel growth, most often in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Penetrating keratoplasty
Penetrating keratoplasty is a full-thickness corneal transplant operation replacing the central diseased cornea with a donor graft; once the mainstay of corneal transplantation, it has largely given way to lamellar techniques.
Phacoemulsification cataract surgery
Phacoemulsification is a cataract surgery technique that emulsifies the eye's clouded lens with ultrasound through a small incision and implants a foldable artificial lens, used in over 97% of US cataract surgeries.
Phacovitrectomy
Phacovitrectomy is an ophthalmic surgical procedure that combines phacoemulsification cataract extraction, pars plana vitrectomy, and intraocular lens implantation in one sitting, typically performed phaco-first to improve the view of the retina.
Phototherapeutic keratectomy
Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) is a laser eye surgery that uses a 193 nm excimer laser to remove diseased anterior corneal tissue, treating scars, dystrophies, and recurrent erosions.
Plaque brachytherapy
Plaque brachytherapy is a radiation therapy technique in which a radioactive plaque is sutured to the sclera to deliver a localized dose to an intraocular tumor, most often uveal melanoma.
Plaque radiotherapy
Plaque radiotherapy is a brachytherapy technique in which a radioactive plaque is sutured to the sclera over an intraocular tumor, mainly to treat uveal melanoma.
Pneumatic retinopexy
Pneumatic retinopexy is an office-based procedure that repairs selected retinal detachments by injecting an expandable gas bubble to seal the retinal break while the retina reattaches.
Posterior capsulotomy
Posterior capsulotomy is an Nd:YAG laser procedure that cuts an opening in an opacified posterior lens capsule to restore vision lost to clouding after cataract surgery, with success above 95%.
Pterygium surgery
Pterygium surgery is an ophthalmic procedure that removes a pterygium and resurfaces the defect, usually with a conjunctival autograft, since bare excision alone recurs in up to 88% of eyes.
Retinopexy
Retinopexy is a surgical procedure that seals a retinal tear by scarring it to the underlying tissue, using laser or freezing, to treat or prevent retinal detachment.
Robert Elliot (surgeon)
Robert Henry Elliot (1864–1936) was a British ophthalmic surgeon and Indian Medical Service colonel who introduced sclero-corneal trephining for glaucoma while superintendent of the Government Ophthalmic Hospital, Madras.
Scleral fixation
Scleral fixation of an intraocular lens (SFIOL) is an eye surgery technique that anchors an IOL to the sclera when capsular support is inadequate, using sutured or sutureless flanged methods.
Sclerectomy
Sclerectomy in modern glaucoma practice means nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy, a filtering operation that lowers intraocular pressure by removing a deep lamella of sclera without opening the anterior chamber.
Sclerostomy
Sclerostomy: surgical creation of an external opening in the sclera to drain aqueous humor in glaucoma; named by Verhoeff (1910); basis of trabeculectomy, laser and thermal variants, and MIMS.
Small incision cataract surgery
Small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) removes a cataract and implants a lens through a small self-sealing scleral tunnel, delivering the nucleus manually rather than with ultrasound.