22 articles
Controlled ovarian stimulation
Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) is a fertility treatment in which hormonal drugs make the ovaries mature multiple eggs in a single cycle, most often as the first step of in vitro fertilization.
Donor insemination
Donor insemination is a fertility treatment using sperm from a donor instead of a partner, used when a male partner has no sperm or there is none.
Egg donation
Egg donation is a fertility treatment in which a woman donates eggs fertilized in vitro and transferred to a recipient, who carries the pregnancy and gives birth.
Failed induction of labour
Failed induction of labour (ICD-11 JB01) is an unsuccessful attempt to stimulate contractions before spontaneous labour. No accepted definition exists; a 2025 review found 112 definitions in 96 studies, with cervical status the main predictor.
Fertility Preservation
Fertility preservation (oncofertility) covers embryo, oocyte, sperm, and ovarian or testicular tissue cryopreservation before gonadotoxic cancer therapy or other fertility-threatening treatments; established versus experimental methods, counseling timing, and US insurance coverage distinguish it.
Fetal Therapies
Fetal therapies are prenatal medical and surgical interventions, from transplacental drugs and ultrasound-guided procedures to fetoscopic and open surgery, for conditions such as twin-twin transfusion syndrome, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and myelomeningocele, validated by trials including MOMS.
GnRH antagonist protocol
The GnRH antagonist protocol is an IVF ovarian stimulation regimen in which cetrorelix or ganirelix blocks a premature LH surge, with lower OHSS risk than agonist protocols.
Intrauterine insemination
Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a fertility treatment that places washed, concentrated sperm directly into the uterus around ovulation, used for unexplained infertility, mild male factor, and donor-sperm treatment.
Long protocol (ovarian stimulation)
The long protocol is an IVF ovarian stimulation regimen in which a GnRH agonist starts in the mid-luteal phase, suppressing the pituitary before gonadotropin stimulation.
Oocyte donation
Oocyte donation is a fertility treatment in which eggs from a donor are fertilized in vitro and transferred to a recipient, pioneered at Monash in 1984.
Oocyte vitrification
Oocyte vitrification is a cryopreservation method that cools human eggs so rapidly they solidify into a glass-like state without ice crystals, replacing slow freezing as the standard for fertility preservation.
Ovarian hyperstimulation
Ovarian hyperstimulation, also called controlled ovarian stimulation, uses injectable gonadotropins to grow multiple follicles in one IVF cycle, with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome as its main risk.
Ovarian stimulation protocol
An ovarian stimulation protocol is a regimen of hormonal medications used in assisted reproduction to develop multiple ovarian follicles before egg retrieval for IVF or ICSI.
Ovulation induction
Ovulation induction is the use of medications, chiefly clomiphene citrate, letrozole, or gonadotropins, to restore ovulation in women with anovulatory infertility, aiming to release one mature egg per cycle.
Progestin-primed ovarian stimulation
Progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) is an in vitro fertilization protocol in which oral progestin blocks premature LH surges; introduced in 2015, it requires freezing all embryos.
Semen cryopreservation
Semen cryopreservation is a clinical andrology method that mixes sperm with cryoprotectants such as glycerol and stores them in liquid nitrogen, mainly to preserve fertility before cancer treatment.
Single Embryo Transfer
Single embryo transfer (SET, elective eSET) places one IVF embryo per cycle to avoid multiple pregnancy; fresh live birth is lower than double transfer but cumulative outcomes match, and ESHRE, NICE, and ASRM recommend it for good-prognosis patients.
Sperm banking
Sperm banking is a reproductive medicine service that collects, freezes, and stores sperm in liquid nitrogen, mainly to preserve fertility before cancer treatment and for donor conception.
Sperm cryopreservation
Sperm cryopreservation is a reproductive medicine technique that freezes and stores sperm at −196 °C in liquid nitrogen for later insemination, IVF, or ICSI, preserving fertility before cancer treatment.
Sterilization Reversal
Sterilization reversal (tubal reanastomosis, vasectomy reversal) surgically restores fertility after sterilization; pregnancy rates 42–69% after tubal reversal, 49% after vasectomy reversal, compared with IVF.
Testicular tissue cryopreservation
Testicular tissue cryopreservation is an experimental fertility preservation method that freezes testicular tissue from prepubertal boys before gonadotoxic cancer treatment; more than 3,000 boys have banked tissue.
Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer
Zygote intrafallopian transfer, also known as pronuclear stage tubal transfer or ZIFT, is a rarely performed assisted reproductive procedure that places IVF-created zygotes into the Fallopian tube.