25 articles
Airway Management
Airway management is the medical practice of assessing and using procedures and devices to maintain or restore a patient's ventilation, a core skill in anesthesiology, emergency medicine, and intensive care.
Artificial respiration
Artificial respiration is the manual or mechanical ventilation of a person's lungs when natural breathing is inadequate or absent, spanning rescue breathing, bag-valve-mask support, and invasive mechanical ventilation.
Biphasic cuirass ventilation
Biphasic cuirass ventilation (BCV) is a noninvasive ventilation technique in which a rigid chest shell delivers alternating negative and positive pressures to ventilate the lungs.
DYS-PAV trial
DYS-PAV (NCT02801994) was a French single-center physiological trial at Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, testing proportional assist ventilation (PAV+) versus personalized pressure support in 34 dyspneic ventilated ICU patients; PAV+ relieved dyspnea similarly but reduced asynchrony more.
Exsufflation
Exsufflation is an airway-clearance technique in which a device applies negative pressure to the airway to simulate a cough and mobilize mucus, used mainly in neuromuscular disease.
Free-Rea study
FREE-REA study, a French prospective multicenter observational trial (NCT02450669) of 1514 extubations in 26 ICUs, 2013-2015; found 10.4% extubation failure, split into airway versus non-airway failure with distinct risk factors.
High-flow oxygen therapy
High-flow oxygen therapy (HFNC) delivers heated, humidified blended air and oxygen through wide-bore nasal prongs at 20 to 70 L/min, used for hypoxemic respiratory failure, post-extubation support, and pediatric bronchiolitis.
High-frequency chest wall oscillation
High-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) is an airway clearance therapy in which an inflatable vest vibrates the chest at 5–25 Hz to loosen mucus, prescribed mainly for cystic fibrosis.
Incentive spirometry
Incentive spirometry is a breathing therapy in which patients take slow, sustained maximal breaths through a handheld feedback device to expand the lungs and prevent atelectasis, chiefly after surgery.
Inhalation Spacers
Inhalation spacers, also called holding chambers or valved holding chambers (VHCs), are add-on tubes for metered-dose inhalers that hold the aerosol so patients can inhale slowly, improving lung delivery and reducing throat side effects; first valved spacer patented 1976 (Nebuhaler).
Inhalation technique
Inhalation technique is the set of actions a patient performs to inhale medication from an inhaler or nebulizer, determining how much drug reaches the lungs in asthma and COPD.
Interactive Ventilatory Support
Interactive Ventilatory Support (MeSH D059725), also called proportional modes: mechanical ventilation matching patient effort breath-by-breath, chiefly proportional assist ventilation (PAV/PAV+) and neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA), used to reduce asynchrony and aid weaning versus pressure support ventilation.
Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing
Intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB) delivers positive pressure during inspiration in spontaneously breathing patients for lung expansion, secretion clearance, and aerosol therapy; distinct from IPPB nerve block and from IPPV on ventilators.
Invasive mechanical ventilation
Invasive mechanical ventilation is life support that pushes gas into the lungs through an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube, maintaining gas exchange and protecting the airway in respiratory failure.
Long-term oxygen therapy
Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) is the supervised use of supplemental oxygen, typically at home, for at least 15 hours daily in chronic severe hypoxemia, mainly from COPD.
Negative-Pressure Ventilators
Negative-pressure ventilators (iron lungs, cuirass ventilators, Exovent) assist breathing by lowering pressure around the chest; mainstay of polio care until 1950s, now used for neuromuscular disorders and kyphoscoliosis.
Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist
Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a mode of mechanical ventilation that delivers pressure in proportion to the diaphragm's electrical activity, first described by Sinderby and colleagues in 1999.
Open lung ventilation
Open lung ventilation is a mechanical ventilation strategy for ARDS, proposed by B. Lachmann in 1992, combining recruitment maneuvers with high PEEP to reopen collapsed alveoli, though no proven mortality benefit exists.
Postural drainage
Postural drainage is a physical therapy technique that positions a patient so gravity moves mucus from lung segments toward the larger airways, used in cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and COPD.
Prone ventilation
Prone ventilation is a critical care technique in which ventilated patients with respiratory failure are turned face-down to improve oxygenation, reducing mortality in severe ARDS.
Pursed lip breathing
Pursed lip breathing is a breathing technique of inhaling through the nose and exhaling slowly through puckered lips, used mainly to ease breathlessness in COPD.
Respiratory muscle training
Respiratory muscle training (RMT) is a rehabilitation method that strengthens the diaphragm and other breathing muscles by breathing repeatedly against a resistance or pressure-threshold load, usually with a hand-held device.
Respiratory Therapy
Respiratory therapy (respiratory care) is the health care discipline treating cardiopulmonary dysfunction; respiratory therapists, credentialed CRT/RRT by the NBRC and licensed in 49 states, evolved from 1940s oxygen orderlies, with $82,280 median pay and 9% projected job growth.
Suction
Suction in medicine removes secretions, gas, or fluid from hollow organs and cavities using a tube and negative pressure, for airway clearance, drainage, and wound therapy.
Weaning protocol (mechanical ventilation)
A weaning protocol is a standardized clinical pathway of daily readiness screening, stepwise support reduction, and spontaneous breathing trials that shortens mechanical ventilation in critically ill adults.