196 articles
Syndromic congenital sodium diarrhea
Syndromic congenital sodium diarrhea (syndromic congenital tufting enteropathy, OMIM 270420) is a rare autosomal recessive SPINT2-related intestinal disorder with neonatal sodium-losing diarrhea, choanal atresia, and corneal erosions.
Third degree haemorrhoids
Third degree haemorrhoids (Goligher grade III) are internal haemorrhoids that prolapse and need manual reduction. Office banding helps selected cases; surgery is the standard indication, with excisional procedures most durable but most complications.
Toxic megacolon
Toxic megacolon, or megacolon toxicum, is a rare, life-threatening condition in which the inflamed colon dilates acutely, usually complicating ulcerative colitis or C. difficile colitis.
Transitory ileus of newborn
Transitory ileus of newborn (ICD-11 KB87.3), a temporary functional intestinal obstruction in neonates from absent peristalsis; distinguished from Hirschsprung disease by manometry and biopsy, and resolving with conservative care.
Travelers' diarrhea
Travelers' diarrhea (TD), the most common travel-related illness, is an infectious diarrheal syndrome affecting 30-70% of travelers to high-risk regions; bacteria, mainly diarrheagenic E. coli, cause most cases, treated with rehydration, loperamide, and severity-based antibiotics.
Trehalase deficiency
Trehalase deficiency (isolated trehalose intolerance, TREH gene, 11q23.3, rs2276064) is a rare autosomal dominant intestinal disorder causing osmotic diarrhea after eating mushrooms; found in about 8% of Greenlanders but rare elsewhere.
Trichohepatoenteric syndrome
Trichohepatoenteric syndrome (THES, syndromic diarrhea, SD/THE) is a rare autosomal recessive enteropathy from SKIV2L or TTC37 mutations, causing neonatal intractable diarrhea, woolly hair, facial dysmorphism, liver disease, immunodeficiency, and up to 50% mortality.
Tropical sprue
Tropical sprue, also called postinfectious tropical malabsorption, is an acquired disease of unknown cause marked by chronic diarrhea, malabsorption, and nutritional deficiencies in residents of and long-term visitors to the tropics.
Ulcer of anus
Ulcer of anus (ICD-11.DB52) is a mucosal defect characterized by extension into the submucosa or deeper. It includes solitary, stercoral, and ulcer of anus and rectum.
Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis, also known as colitis ulcerosa, is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease causing inflammation and ulcers in the colon and rectum, with symptoms including bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain.
Ulcerative pancolitis
Ulcerative pancolitis (pancolitis, extensive colitis, Montreal E3) is ulcerative colitis inflaming the entire colon. ICD-10 K51.0, ICD-11 DD71.0; higher colorectal cancer risk, surveillance from about 8 years after onset.
Ulcerative proctitis
Ulcerative proctitis is inflammation of the rectal mucosa confined to the rectum, the mildest form of ulcerative colitis, causing rectal bleeding and urgency, treated first with rectal 5-ASA.
Ulcerative rectosigmoiditis
Ulcerative rectosigmoiditis, also called ulcerative proctosigmoiditis (ICD-11 DD71.2), is ulcerative colitis confined to the rectum and sigmoid colon; it is the most common extent at diagnosis, progresses proximally in up to about a third of patients, and is treated first with rectal mesalamine.
Volvulus
Volvulus, from Latin volvere (to twist), is twisting of bowel on its mesentery causing obstruction; sigmoid volvulus is most common, treated by endoscopic detorsion then colectomy, with 45–71% recurrence without resection.
Volvulus of small intestine
Volvulus of small intestine (ICD-11 DA91.1): twisting of small bowel around its mesentery causing obstruction and strangulation risk. Rare in the West (1% of US bowel obstructions), a leading cause in Ethiopia; treated by detorsion or resection.
Whipple's disease
Whipple's disease, or intestinal lipodystrophy, is a rare systemic infection caused by Tropheryma whipplei, first described by George Whipple in 1907; it causes weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, and malabsorption, diagnosed by PAS staining and PCR, and treated with prolonged antibiotics.