41 articles
Acute amoebiasis
Acute amoebiasis (ICD-11 1A36.00), also called amebic dysentery or amebic colitis, is acute symptomatic infection with Entamoeba histolytica, causing bloody diarrhea or liver abscess, treated with metronidazole or tinidazole plus a luminal amoebicide.
Argentine hemorrhagic fever
Argentine hemorrhagic fever (Fiebre Hemorrágica Argentina) is a rodent-borne arenavirus disease caused by Junín virus, endemic to Argentina's humid pampas, carried by Calomys musculinus, treated with immune plasma, and prevented by the Candid #1 vaccine.
Boutonneuse fever
Boutonneuse fever, or Mediterranean spotted fever (fièvre boutonneuse), is a tick-borne rickettsial disease caused by Rickettsia conorii, spread by the brown dog tick, marked by fever, rash, and the tache noire eschar.
Chapare hemorrhagic fever
Chapare hemorrhagic fever (CHHF), caused by Chapare virus (CHAPV), a New World Clade B arenavirus, is a rare rodent-borne viral hemorrhagic fever known only from Bolivia, with about 60% case fatality, no specific treatment, and five documented outbreaks since 2003.
Congenital enterovirus infection
Congenital enterovirus infection (ORPHA:292), an embryofetopathy from coxsackie and ECHO viruses, causing abortion, stillbirth, and severe neonatal sepsis-like disease; prevalence unknown, ICD-10 P35.8.
Congenital viral hepatitis
Congenital viral hepatitis (ICD-10 P35.3; ICD-11 KA62.9) is neonatal liver inflammation from hepatitis A, B, C, D, or E virus acquired in utero or at birth, causing jaundice, lethargy, and failure to thrive, preventable by birth-dose vaccine and HBIG.
Crusted scabies
Crusted scabies, formerly known as Norwegian scabies, is a severe, highly contagious form of scabies in which millions of mites in thick skin crusts drive most outbreaks.
Cutaneous non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection
Cutaneous non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection (ICD-11 1B21.2): skin and soft tissue infection from environmental NTM, mostly rapid growers like M. abscessus, M. fortuitum, M. chelonae, acquired via trauma, surgery, or injections, diagnosed by culture, treated with months of multidrug therapy.
Dicrocoeliasis
Dicrocoeliasis (lancet fluke infection, ICD-10 B66.2) is a rare zoonotic bile-duct trematodiasis caused by Dicrocoelium dendriticum or D. hospes, acquired by accidentally eating infected ants; snail and ant intermediate hosts, mostly asymptomatic, treated with praziquantel or triclabendazole.
Disseminated dermatophytosis
Disseminated dermatophytosis (ICD-11 1F28.5) is rare systemic spread of dermatophyte fungi, usually Trichophyton rubrum, to lymph nodes and internal organs in immunodeficient hosts, treated with systemic antifungals.
Early congenital syphilis, latent
Early congenital syphilis, latent (ICD-11 1A60.2) is asymptomatic congenital syphilis of under 2 years' duration, detected only by repeatedly positive serology; managed with penicillin or close serologic follow-up.
Fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis
Fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis (ICD-11 1F2J.1) is the localized, non-lymphatic form of Sporothrix skin infection, about 25% of cutaneous cases, treated with itraconazole 200 mg daily for 3-6 months.
Histoplasmosis due to Histoplasma duboisii
African histoplasmosis, infection by Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii (H. duboisii), endemic to central and western Africa; causes skin, bone, and lymph node lesions with large 6-12 µm yeasts, unlike pulmonary classical histoplasmosis.
Infection of obstetric surgical wound
Infection of obstetric surgical wound is infection of a surgical incision made during childbirth surgery, most often a cesarean section wound, occurring in about 5.6% of cesarean deliveries.
Kerion celsi
Kerion celsi is the severe inflammatory form of tinea capitis, a suppurative fungal scalp infection caused mainly by Trichophyton tonsurans and Microsporum canis, treated with systemic antifungals and prone to scarring alopecia.
La Crosse encephalitis
La Crosse encephalitis, caused by La Crosse virus (LACV), a California serogroup orthobunyavirus spread by Aedes triseriatus mosquitoes, is the leading pediatric arboviral encephalitis in the United States, affecting mainly children under 16 with seizures and, rarely, fatal outcomes.
Late lesions of pinta
Late lesions of pinta are the skin-confined third-stage manifestations of pinta, marked by dyschromia and atrophy; they typically appear 2 to 4 years after infection, with ICD-11 code 1C1E.2.
Latent yaws
Latent yaws is the asymptomatic, serology-positive stage of Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue infection, affecting up to six people per active case; treated with single-dose azithromycin under WHO eradication strategy.
Loiasis
Loiasis, also known as African eye worm, is a parasitic disease caused by the roundworm Loa loa and spread by day-biting deerflies in Central and West Africa.
Louse-borne relapsing fever
Louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF), also called epidemic relapsing fever, is a Borrelia recurrentis infection spread by the human body louse, endemic in the Horn of Africa and historically epidemic in war and famine.
Meningococcaemia
Meningococcaemia (meningococcemia, meningococcal septicaemia): bloodstream invasion by Neisseria meningitidis causing fever, purpuric rash, shock, and DIC; 10-15% case fatality, up to 40% in severe sepsis, treated with immediate parenteral antibiotics.
Microsporidiosis
Microsporidiosis is a rare parasitic disease caused by microsporidia, spore-forming parasites related to fungi, causing chronic diarrhea and weight loss that can be severe in immunodeficient people.
Mycetoma
Mycetoma (Madura foot) is a chronic fungal or bacterial infection of skin, tissue, and bone acquired by traumatic inoculation, endemic in the tropical Mycetoma Belt, causing painless swellings with draining grains, treatable poorly, a WHO neglected tropical disease since 2016.
Mycoplasma encephalitis
Mycoplasma encephalitis (ORPHA:83482) is a rare infectious encephalitis caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, usually after respiratory infection, accounting for 5–30% of encephalitis cases, mostly in children, treated with macrolides, tetracyclines, or fluoroquinolones.
Necrotizing soft tissue infection
Necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) is a rapidly progressing infection in which skin, fascia, or muscle dies, requiring urgent surgical debridement; it kills 20 to 35 percent of patients.
Neonatal aspergillosis
Neonatal aspergillosis (ICD-11 KA63.1) is invasive Aspergillus infection of newborns, mainly extremely preterm infants; usually cutaneous, nosocomial, caused by A. fumigatus or A. flavus, treated with liposomal amphotericin B.
O'nyong-nyong fever
O'nyong-nyong fever, also o'nyong-nyong virus disease (ONNV), is a mosquito-borne alphavirus illness of sub-Saharan Africa transmitted by Anopheles gambiae and funestus, causing fever, rash, and crippling arthritis; the 1959-1962 epidemic affected about 2 million people.
Obstetrical tetanus
Obstetrical tetanus, also called maternal tetanus, is tetanus occurring during pregnancy or within six weeks after a pregnancy ends, whether by birth, miscarriage, or abortion.
Omsk hemorrhagic fever
Omsk hemorrhagic fever (OHF), caused by Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV), a tick-borne flavivirus, is a rare biphasic hemorrhagic disease of western Siberia (Omsk, Novosibirsk, Kurgan, Tyumen), spread by ticks and muskrats, with 0.5–3% fatality and no specific treatment or vaccine.
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), South America's systemic endemic mycosis from Paracoccidioides fungi, acquired by inhaling soil spores in rural Latin America; chronic lung and mucosal disease, itraconazole treatment, underreported despite 15,000+ cases.