6 articles
Anovulation
Anovulation is absent ovulation, a leading treatable cause of female infertility (about a quarter of cases). Classified WHO Groups I–III; PCOS dominates; diagnosed by mid-luteal progesterone; letrozole now first-line therapy.
Anovulatory bleeding
Anovulatory bleeding (AUB-O, formerly dysfunctional uterine bleeding): irregular, often heavy uterine bleeding from unopposed estrogen when no ovulation occurs; common at menarche and perimenopause, treated with progestins.
Anovulatory cycle
Anovulatory cycle: a menstrual cycle without ovulation. Common after menarche and before menopause; PCOS causes about 70% of cases. Treated with letrozole, clomiphene, metformin, gonadotrophins, or IVF.
Frequent menstrual bleeding
Frequent menstrual bleeding (frequent menses, ICD-11 GA20.10) is a FIGO-defined abnormal uterine bleeding symptom: cycles shorter than 24 days, more than four episodes in 90 days, usually from ovulatory dysfunction.
Galactorrhea (γαλακτόρροια)
Galactorrhea (γαλακτόρροια), non-lactational breast milk production, affects about 20-25% of women; usually from medication-induced hyperprolactinemia or prolactinomas, treated with cabergoline.
Oligo-ovulation
Oligo-ovulation (oligoovulation), infrequent ovulation defined as cycles over 35 days or fewer than 8 per year; ICD-11 5A80.4; a Rotterdam-criteria feature of PCOS with a milder phenotype than anovulation.