11 articles
Bearded lady
Bearded lady: a woman with visible male-pattern facial hair, known from 1840-1914 sideshows and Julia Pastrana; medically hirsutism, caused by PCOS in 80-90% of cases, measured by the mFG score.
Clinical hyperandrogenism
Clinical hyperandrogenism (ICD-11 5A80.0) is the visible sign complex of androgen excess in women: hirsutism, acne, and androgenic alopecia. PCOS is the leading cause; virilization suggests tumor.
Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome
Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) confirms the condition using clinical features, hormone tests, and ultrasound, most often under the Rotterdam criteria requiring two of three features.
Genetics of polycystic ovary syndrome
The genetics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) covers the inherited contribution to PCOS, a highly heritable endocrine condition in which genome-wide studies have mapped 29 risk loci.
Health risks and complications of polycystic ovary syndrome
The health risks and complications of polycystic ovary syndrome include infertility, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, endometrial cancer, obstructive sleep apnea, and depression, driven largely by insulin resistance.
Hyperandrogenism
Hyperandrogenism: excess androgen production or effect, mainly in women, causing hirsutism, acne, and alopecia. Most often from PCOS (5-10% of reproductive age women); diagnosed by testosterone testing, managed with contraceptives, antiandrogens, hair removal.
Management of polycystic ovary syndrome
Management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the goal-directed medical and lifestyle treatment of a chronic endocrine condition, with combined pills for irregular periods, metformin for metabolic health, and letrozole for infertility.
Ovarian drilling
Ovarian drilling (laparoscopic ovarian drilling, LOD; transvaginal TVOD/UTND) is a second-line surgical ovulation-induction treatment for clomiphene-resistant PCOS, using diathermy, laser, or needle punctures of the ovaries, restoring ovulation in most treated women.
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), also known as polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS) and formerly Stein-Leventhal syndrome, is a hormonal disorder of women, marked by excess androgens, irregular periods, and infertility.
PregMet trial
PregMet (Metformin in Pregnant PCOS Women, NCT00159536) and its successor PregMet2 (NCT01587378) are Norwegian-led randomized placebo-controlled trials of 2000 mg metformin in PCOS pregnancy; pooled data suggest reduced late miscarriage and preterm birth but no prevention of gestational diabetes.
Richard S. Legro
Richard S. Legro is an American reproductive endocrinologist and University Chair of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Penn State, known for research on polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility trials.