12 articles
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an allergic lung disease in which the immune system reacts to Aspergillus fumigatus colonizing the airways, most often in people with asthma or cystic fibrosis.
Asthma
Asthma, a chronic inflammatory airway disease causing wheeze, breathlessness, and variable airflow limitation, affects an estimated 363 million people; managed with ICS-containing inhalers per GINA guidelines and biologics for severe cases.
Asthmatic pulmonary eosinophilia
Asthmatic pulmonary eosinophilia, also called eosinophilic asthma (ICD-11 CB02.0), is pulmonary eosinophilia associated with asthma, classically fungal hypersensitivity to Aspergillus, marked by wheeze, migratory infiltrates, and blood and sputum eosinophilia.
Bronchoconstriction
Bronchoconstriction is airway narrowing from bronchial smooth muscle contraction, central to asthma and to exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), diagnosed by a ≥10% fall in FEV1 and treated with pre-exercise inhaled short-acting beta-2-agonists.
Bronchospasm
Bronchospasm is sudden constriction of bronchiole smooth muscle causing breathing difficulty, most commonly in asthma; also seen in COPD, anaphylaxis, and anesthesia, treated with oxygen and beta-2 agonists.
Cough variant asthma
Cough variant asthma (CVA) is an asthma subset with cough as the sole or main symptom, without wheeze or dyspnea. It causes 25-42% of chronic cough, features bronchial hyper-responsiveness and eosinophilic inflammation, and progresses to classic asthma in 30-40% of untreated adults.
Exercise-induced bronchospasm
Exercise-induced bronchospasm, now called exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), formerly exercise-induced asthma, is acute airway narrowing triggered by exercise, affecting up to 90% of asthma patients and 30–70% of elite athletes, diagnosed by a ≥10% FEV1 fall and treated with pre-exercise SABA.
Non-allergic asthma
Non-allergic asthma (intrinsic asthma), ICD-11 CA23.1: asthma not associated with allergy, with neutrophilic, eosinophilic, or paucigranulocytic sputum, often less responsive to inhaled corticosteroids than allergic asthma.
Obstructive lung disease
Obstructive lung disease, also called obstructive airway disease, is a group of respiratory conditions, including asthma and COPD, that narrow the airways and limit expiratory airflow.
Pathophysiology of asthma
Pathophysiology of asthma: chronic airway inflammation, variable airflow obstruction, and hyperresponsiveness, divided into T2-high (eosinophilic, IL-4/5/13, IgE) and T2-low endotypes with epithelial alarmins and remodeling.
Reactive airway disease
Reactive airway disease (RAD) is an informal, non-diagnostic placeholder term for asthma-like wheezing and cough of unknown cause, used mostly in young children; distinct from asthma, COPD, and reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS).
Samter syndrome
Samter syndrome, also called Samter's triad or aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD, NERD, Widal's syndrome), combines asthma, nasal polyps, and aspirin/NSAID respiratory reactions; treated with desensitization, surgery, and biologics.