17 articles
Acne
Acne (acne vulgaris) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit causing comedones, papules, pustules, and nodules, driven by sebum, hyperkeratinization, Cutibacterium acnes, and inflammation; treated with retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, and isotretinoin.
Acne conglobata
Acne conglobata (conglobate acne) is a rare, severe chronic form of acne with grouped comedones, abscesses, and draining sinus tracts, mostly in adult males on the trunk, treated with isotretinoin, sometimes with corticosteroids.
Acne fulminans
Acne fulminans, also called acne conglobata variants and isotretinoin-induced acne fulminans, is a rare severe ulcerative hemorrhagic acne of adolescent boys with fever, joint pain, and lytic bone lesions, treated with corticosteroids then low-dose isotretinoin.
Acne mechanica
Acne mechanica, also called mechanical or sports-induced acne and including maskne, is acne triggered by pressure, friction, occlusion, heat, and sweat rather than hormones; term coined by Mills and Kligman in 1975, with geometric lesion distribution matching equipment contact zones.
Acneiform eruption
An acneiform eruption is an acne-like rash caused by an external agent such as a drug, cosmetic, or halogenated chemical, with sudden onset and few comedones.
Chloracne
Chloracne, also called MADISH, is a persistent acneform eruption caused by halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, especially dioxin (TCDD), producing comedones, cysts, and nodules on cheeks, postauricular skin, axillae, and groin with a spared nose.
Comedo
Comedo (plural comedones): a plugged follicular orifice, the basic acne lesion. Open comedones are blackheads (darkened by oxidation, not dirt); closed comedones are whiteheads. Treated with topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, or extraction.
Comedonal acne
Comedonal acne, also called comedo acne, is a noninflammatory acne pattern of open and closed comedones (blackheads and whiteheads) on the forehead and chin, treated first with topical retinoids rather than antibiotics.
Demodicosis
Demodicosis is inflammatory skin or eye disease from overgrowth of Demodex folliculorum or Demodex brevis mites, normal skin flora; diagnosed above five mites/cm², treated with ivermectin, and strongly associated with but not proven causal for rosacea.
Infantile acne
Infantile acne, also called acne in infants, is acne vulgaris developing after 6 weeks of age, typically 6 weeks to 1 year, affecting under 2% of children, mostly boys, with comedones and inflammatory lesions on the cheeks, scarring risk, and links to severe adolescent acne.
Isotretinoin
Isotretinoin, formerly Accutane, is an oral retinoid approved by the FDA in 1982 for severe recalcitrant nodular acne; it is highly teratogenic and dispensed only under the iPLEDGE REMS.
Neonatal acne
Neonatal acne (baby acne, neonatal cephalic pustulosis): a common self-limiting newborn rash affecting about 20% of newborns around 2 weeks of age, linked to Malassezia yeast, not true acne, clearing without scarring.
Nodular acne
Nodular acne, also called cystic or nodulocystic acne (ICD-11 ED80.3), is severe inflammatory acne with firm, painful nodules deep in the skin. Systemic isotretinoin is the strongly recommended treatment; untreated nodules scar.
Occupational acne
Occupational acne, also called acne venenata, is work-related acne from oil, coal tar, or halogenated aromatics; chloracne, its most serious form, signals systemic poisoning by chloracnegens such as dioxins and PCBs.
Papulopustular acne
Papulopustular acne (ICD-11 ED80.2), also called pustular or superficial inflammatory acne, is acne dominated by small inflammatory papules and pustules under 5 mm, treated with topical benzoyl peroxide, retinoids, and fixed-dose combinations.
Pimple
A pimple, also called a zit, is a small inflamed skin lesion that forms when a pore clogs with oil, bacteria, and dead skin cells; pimples are the lesions of acne.
Severe inflammatory acne
Severe inflammatory acne (ICD-11 ED80.4) is intensely inflammatory acne, acute acne fulminans or chronic acne conglobata, defined by nodules, cysts, and scarring, treated with isotretinoin, doxycycline, and intralesional corticosteroids.