51 articles
Mongolian spot
Mongolian spot, or congenital dermal melanocytosis, slate grey nevus: a benign blue-gray birthmark of newborns on the lower back and buttocks, affecting over 90% of East Asian infants, fading in early childhood, and often mistaken for bruising.
Multifocal infantile hemangioma with extracutenous involvement
Multifocal infantile hemangioma with extracutenous involvement, once called diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis, is a rare disorder marked by numerous skin hemangiomas plus hemangiomas of internal organs such as the liver.
Nevus
Nevus (plural nevi), or mole: a benign, circumscribed skin lesion, usually a melanocytic proliferation. Types include common acquired, dysplastic, and congenital nevi; dysplastic and giant congenital nevi raise melanoma risk.
Non-thrombocytopenic purpura
Non-thrombocytopenic purpura (ICD-11 3B60; ICD-10-CM D69.2) is skin or mucous-membrane bleeding with a normal platelet count, caused by vascular, drug, congenital, or vitamin C deficiency factors, including senile purpura.
Papillary hemangioma
Papillary hemangioma (papillary capillary hemangioma, ORPHA:673543) is a rare benign cutaneous vascular tumor of the head and neck with intraluminal papillary projections and hyaline globules; it harbors GNAQ/GNA11 Q209L mutations and must be distinguished from glomeruloid hemangioma of POEMS syndrome.
Papule
Papule: a solid, elevated, palpable skin lesion ≤1 cm in diameter, a primary lesion in dermatology; examples include warts, nevi, lichen planus, acne, and insect bites; distinguished from plaque and nodule by size.
Partially involuting congenital hemangioma
Partially involuting congenital hemangioma (PICH) is a rare benign vascular tumor fully formed at birth that regresses like a RICH but stops partway, leaving a NICH-like residual lesion; ulceration is its hallmark complication.
Periorbital dark circles
Periorbital dark circles (periorbital hyperpigmentation, POH, ICHOR): bilateral darkened eyelid skin from pigment, visible vasculature, or structural shadowing; treated by cause with topicals, lasers, fillers, or surgery.
Petechiae
Petechiae are pinpoint, round spots of bleeding under the skin or mucous membranes, caused by blood escaping broken capillaries, that do not blanch when pressed.
Plane xanthoma
Plane xanthoma (planar xanthoma) is a flat, yellow xanthoma of the skin occurring as xanthelasma, palmar crease xanthoma, or diffuse plane xanthoma, signaling dyslipidemia, cholestasis, or hematologic disease.
Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma
Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (epithelioid sarcoma-like hemangioendothelioma) is a rare intermediate vascular tumor of skin, soft tissue, and bone in young men, multifocal, locally recurrent, rarely metastatic, defined by FOSB gene fusions.
Rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma
Rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma (RICH, ORPHA:141184) is a rare benign vascular tumor fully formed in utero that shrinks rapidly after birth, usually within 6-14 months; GLUT1 negative, unlike infantile hemangioma.
Rash
Rash (dermatitis, skin rash): an area of irritated or swollen skin with color, texture, or feeling changes, caused by contact dermatitis, infections, drugs, or systemic disease; diagnosed by morphology and treated with steroids and antihistamines.
Reactive angioendotheliomatosis
Reactive angioendotheliomatosis (RAE) is a rare, benign, self-limiting cutaneous vascular proliferation with endothelial hyperplasia inside and around dermal vessels, occurring with systemic diseases such as endocarditis, renal disease, and peripheral vascular disease.
Salmon patch
Salmon patch (nevus simplex), also called stork bite or angel's kiss, is a benign capillary malformation birthmark present at birth in roughly 30-40% of newborns, appearing as a flat pink-red blanchable patch on the nape, eyelids, or glabella that usually fades within 1-2 years, though about half of nape lesions persist.
Spindle cell hemangioma
Spindle cell hemangioma, also called spindle cell hemangioendothelioma, is a rare benign vascular tumor of the dermis and subcutis with IDH1/IDH2 mutations, painful limb nodules, frequent local recurrence, and no metastatic potential.
Telangiectasia
Telangiectasia (telangiectases, broken capillaries) is the permanent dilation of small superficial blood vessels visible as fine red lines on skin or mucous membranes; causes include rosacea, sun damage, pregnancy, and HHT, treated by sclerotherapy or vascular lasers.
Traumatic purpura
Traumatic purpura is non-blanching purple discoloration from bleeding into the skin caused by physical trauma, including scratching, clothing friction, or rough handling, classified in ICD-11 as code EF31.
Tufted angioma
Tufted angioma, formerly known as angioblastoma of Nakagawa, is a rare, benign blood vessel tumor that usually forms on the skin of infants and young children.
Venous lake
Venous lake (senile hemangioma of lip, acquired venous hemangioma): benign compressible blue-purple vascular lesion from dilated venules, usually on the lower lip of people over 50; treated with laser, sclerotherapy, or cryotherapy.
Wrinkle
Wrinkle (rhytid): visible skin crease from aging, UV exposure, smoking, and expression; classified fine vs coarse and atrophic, elastotic, expressional, gravitational; treated with retinoids, botulinum toxin, fillers, lasers.