Diseases and injuries

Indeterminate colitis

Indeterminate colitis (IC), related to IBD unclassified (IBDU), is a provisional IBD diagnosis for colitis that cannot be classified as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease; IC is reserved for colectomy specimens, affects roughly 5-15% of colonic IBD, and mostly behaves like UC.

Indigestion

Indigestion (dyspepsia) is upper abdominal pain, burning, fullness, bloating, nausea, or belching; most chronic cases are functional dyspepsia, a gut-brain interaction disorder managed by H. pylori test-and-treat, acid suppression, and alarm-feature-guided endoscopy.

Indolent systemic mastocytosis

Indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM) is the most common, non-advanced form of systemic mastocytosis, a clonal mast cell neoplasm driven by KIT D816V, without organ damage, with near-normal life expectancy and symptom-directed or avapritinib treatment.

Induced Abortion (procedure)

Induced abortion (artificial termination of pregnancy), ICD-11 JA00.1, is deliberate interruption of pregnancy by medical or surgical means. About 73 million occur yearly; 45% are unsafe, causing major maternal mortality.

Inert gas asphyxiation

Inert gas asphyxiation: death from hypoxia when nitrogen, helium, or argon displaces oxygen in breathed air. Covers occupational accidents, CSB data, forensic detection, suicide, and Alabama's nitrogen executions.

Infant dyschezia

Infant dyschezia (grunting baby syndrome), Rome IV G6 functional GI disorder: infants under 9 months strain and cry 10+ minutes before soft stools, from poor abdominal-pelvic floor coordination; self-limited, treated with reassurance only, distinct from constipation.

Infant mortality

Infant mortality is the death of live-born children before age 1, measured per 1,000 live births. Global IMR is about 2.9%; leading neonatal causes are prematurity, birth complications, infections, and congenital anomalies.

Infant regurgitation

Infant regurgitation (ICD-11 DD93.0), effortless spitting up from gastroesophageal reflux in babies under 1 year; affects up to 70-85% by 2 months, resolves by 12-14 months, managed with reassurance and feed thickening.

Infant respiratory distress syndrome

Infant respiratory distress syndrome (RDS, formerly hyaline membrane disease): preterm lung disease from surfactant deficiency. Prevented by antenatal corticosteroids; treated with CPAP and early selective surfactant, ideally via thin catheter (LISA).

Infant-type hemispheric glioma

Infant-type hemispheric glioma (IHG), a 2021 WHO CNS5 entity, is a high-grade RTK fusion-driven (ALK, NTRK, ROS1, MET) cerebral hemispheric glioma of infancy, ungraded, treated with surgery plus chemotherapy.

Infantile acne

Infantile acne, also called acne in infants, is acne vulgaris developing after 6 weeks of age, typically 6 weeks to 1 year, affecting under 2% of children, mostly boys, with comedones and inflammatory lesions on the cheeks, scarring risk, and links to severe adolescent acne.

Infantile apnea

Infantile apnea (apnea of infancy, ICD-10 P28.4) is cessation of breathing in newborns or infants from impaired respiratory drive or airway obstruction, with apnea of prematurity in infants under 37 weeks and pathologic apnea of infancy in term infants.

Infantile atopic eczema

Infantile atopic eczema (ICD-11 EA80.0), also called infantile atopic dermatitis, is the birth-to-2-years stage of atopic dermatitis: itchy, dry facial eczema with diaper sparing, the first step of the atopic march.

Infantile cerebellar-retinal degeneration

Infantile cerebellar-retinal degeneration (ICRD, OMIM 614559) is an ultrarare autosomal recessive ACO2-related neurometabolic disorder with onset at 2-6 months of hypotonia, ataxia, seizures, optic atrophy, and retinal degeneration.

Infantile digital fibromatosis

Infantile digital fibromatosis, also called inclusion body fibromatosis or Reye's tumor, is a rare benign myofibroblastic tumor of infants' fingers and toes with eosinophilic inclusion bodies, high surgical recurrence, and spontaneous regression.

Infantile dystonia-parkinsonism

Infantile dystonia-parkinsonism, or dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome (DTDS, PKDYS), a rare autosomal recessive SLC6A3 movement disorder causing infantile parkinsonism-dystonia with raised CSF homovanillic acid.

Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome

Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS), formerly infantile spasms or West syndrome, is an infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and electrodecrement, treated with ACTH, prednisolone, or vigabatrin.

Infantile epileptic-dyskinetic encephalopathy

Infantile epileptic-dyskinetic encephalopathy (IEDE, OMIM 308350, ORPHA 364063), also called X-linked infantile spasm syndrome or EIEE1, is a rare ARX-related, X-linked recessive disorder with infantile spasms, dystonia, status dystonicus, and severe intellectual disability.

Infantile hemangioma

Infantile hemangioma, also known as a strawberry mark or capillary hemangioma, is the most common benign tumor of infancy, growing rapidly for months then shrinking over years.

Infantile mercury poisoning

Infantile mercury poisoning, also called pink disease or infantile acrodynia (Feer disease, Swift disease), a rare childhood mercury intoxication causing pink, painful, desquamating extremities, sweating, and hypertension; historically caused by calomel teething powders and largely eliminated after their 1950s withdrawal.

Infantile multisystem neurologic-endocrine-pancreatic disease

Infantile multisystem neurologic-endocrine-pancreatic disease (IMNEPD) is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome caused by PTRH2 mutations, combining developmental delay, intellectual disability, ataxia, sensorineural hearing loss, and pancreatic insufficiency, with onset in infancy.

Infantile myofibromatosis

Infantile myofibromatosis (IM), a rare benign myofibroblastic tumor of infancy affecting skin, muscle, bone, and rarely viscera; solitary form in 75% of cases, PDGFRB/NOTCH3 genes, excellent prognosis without visceral involvement.

Infantile neurovisceral acid sphingomyelinase deficiency

Infantile neurovisceral acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (Niemann-Pick disease type A, NPD-A): severe autosomal recessive SMPD1 lysosomal storage disease of infancy with hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration, and death by about age 3.

Infantile onset panniculitis with uveitis and systemic granulomatosis

Infantile onset panniculitis with uveitis and systemic granulomatosis (ORPHA:251304) is a rare autoinflammatory disease of infants: lobular panniculitis, panuveitis, arthritis, systemic granulomas, no CARD15 mutation, possible anti-TNF response.

Infantile papular acrodermatitis

Infantile papular acrodermatitis, or Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (papular acrodermatitis of childhood), is a self-limited symmetric papular rash of children triggered by viral infections such as EBV and formerly hepatitis B, resolving in 2-8 weeks.

Infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis

Infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis (ISD), or cradle cap, is a common, non-itchy, greasy-scaling inflammatory rash of infants, peaking before 3 months, affecting up to 70% of young infants, and resolving spontaneously within months.

Infantile-onset ascending hereditary spastic paralysis

Infantile-onset ascending hereditary spastic paralysis (IAHSP), also called infantile-onset ascending hereditary spastic paraplegia, is a rare autosomal recessive ALS2-gene motor neuron disorder: leg spasticity begins before age 2 and ascends to arms, speech, and swallowing, sparing intelligence.

Infantile-onset autosomal recessive nonprogressive cerebellar ataxia

Infantile-onset autosomal recessive nonprogressive cerebellar ataxia (SCAR6, OMIM 608029) is a rare recessive ataxia beginning in infancy, nonprogressive, with hypotonia, dysarthria, vermis atrophy, locus 20q11-q13; distinct from dominant CACNA1A SCA6.

Infantile-onset periodic fever-panniculitis-dermatosis syndrome

Infantile-onset periodic fever-panniculitis-dermatosis syndrome, also known as OTULIN-related autoinflammatory syndrome or otulipenia, is a rare genetic autoinflammatory disease causing recurrent fever, skin nodules, and joint pain starting in infancy.