8,704 articles
Non-24 hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder
Non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome (N24SWD), or free-running disorder, is a circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder in which the clock fails to entrain to the 24-hour day, affecting 50-70% of totally blind people and causing daily sleep drift, cyclical insomnia, and daytime sleepiness.
Non-allergic asthma
Non-allergic asthma (intrinsic asthma), ICD-11 CA23.1: asthma not associated with allergy, with neutrophilic, eosinophilic, or paucigranulocytic sputum, often less responsive to inhaled corticosteroids than allergic asthma.
Non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophils
Non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophils (NARES, ICD-11 CA08.10) is perennial rhinitis with marked nasal eosinophilia, negative skin tests, and normal IgE, first described in 1981, treated with intranasal corticosteroids, and possibly preceding aspirin triad.
Non-amyloid fibrillary glomerulopathy
Non-amyloid fibrillary glomerulopathy, also called fibrillary glomerulonephritis, is a rare Congo red-negative kidney disease with randomly arranged 12–24 nm IgG and C3 fibrils in glomeruli, diagnosed by DNAJB9 staining, causing nephrotic proteinuria and renal failure.
Non-aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Non-aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (naSAH, ICD-11 8B01.1): spontaneous SAH with no aneurysm on initial imaging, up to 15% of cases; perimesencephalic form is benign, non-perimesencephalic form needs fuller work-up.
Non-bullous impetigo
Non-bullous impetigo (impetigo contagiosa), ICD-11 1B72.1, is the commonest, crusted form of impetigo, over 70% of cases, caused by S. aureus, S. pyogenes, or both, with honey-colored crusts treated by topical antibiotics.
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS, also non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity, NCGWS): intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms from gluten-containing foods without celiac disease or wheat allergy; fructans may trigger symptoms more than gluten.
Non-convulsive status epilepticus
Non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE, ICD-11 8A66.1) is prolonged seizure activity without convulsions, diagnosed by EEG. Altered mental status is the hallmark; outcome depends on etiology, worst after anoxic injury.
Non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Non-erosive gastro-esophageal reflux disease (NERD), also called nonerosive reflux disease, is the more common form of GERD, causing troublesome heartburn and regurgitation without esophageal erosions on endoscopy, treated with proton pump inhibitors.
Non-functioning neuroendocrine tumor of pancreas
Non-functioning neuroendocrine tumor of pancreas (nonfunctioning PNET, NF-Pan-NET, ORPHA:506075): a well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm of at least 0.5 cm without hormonal syndrome, usually found incidentally, diagnosed by synaptophysin and chromogranin A staining, and managed by surveillance or surgery.
Non-functioning paraganglioma
Non-functioning paraganglioma: a catecholamine-nonproducing extra-adrenal neuroendocrine tumor, typically head and neck, often SDHD-related; diagnosed by imaging, managed with observation or surgery and imaging-based follow-up.
Non-functioning pituitary adenoma
Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA), also called clinically nonfunctioning pituitary tumor or nfPitNET, is a benign hormone-silent pituitary tumor causing mass effect: visual loss, headache, hypopituitarism; treated by transsphenoidal surgery.
Non-gonococcal urethritis
Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), also called nonspecific urethritis, is inflammation of the male urethra without evidence of gonorrhea, a common sexually transmitted condition caused chiefly by Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium and treated with doxycycline.
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL): a diverse group of immune-system cancers of lymphocytes, distinct from Reed-Sternberg cell-marked Hodgkin lymphoma. Indolent or aggressive B-, T-, or NK-cell subtypes; treated with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, transplant, or watchful waiting.
Non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome
Non-insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome (NIPHS) is a rare cause of endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia without an insulinoma, marked by postprandial neuroglycopenia, negative 72-hour fast and imaging, positive calcium stimulation testing, and nesidioblastosis-like histology, often after gastric bypass.
Non-invasive aspergillosis
Non-invasive aspergillosis is the group of Aspergillus diseases in which the fungus colonizes body surfaces or cavities without invading tissue or blood vessels, unlike invasive aspergillosis.
Non-invasive cardiac diagnostics (practice)
Non-invasive cardiac diagnostics is the cardiology practice of diagnosing heart disease with tests that do not enter the body, such as ECG, echocardiography, and stress testing.
Non-invasive ventilation
Non-invasive ventilation is positive pressure ventilation delivered through a tight-fitting mask or helmet rather than a tube, used mainly for COPD exacerbations, pulmonary edema, and weaning.
Non-malignant and non-cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis
Non-malignant and non-cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis (NCPVT, non-cirrhotic non-tumoral PVT) is portal vein thrombosis without cirrhosis or malignancy, caused by myeloproliferative neoplasms, thrombophilia, or local factors, treated with at least 6 months of anticoagulation.
Non-megaloblastic macrocytosis
Non-megaloblastic macrocytosis is an elevated red cell volume (MCV above 100 fL) with intact DNA synthesis, caused by alcohol use, chronic liver disease, hypothyroidism, reticulocytosis, and certain drugs.
Non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (nHCM, ICD-11 BC43.11) is HCM without a significant LVOT pressure gradient (LVOT <30 mmHg at rest and provoked), treated with beta blockers or verapamil/diltiazem, with no approved targeted therapy.
Non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia
Non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia (NOMI), also nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia, is intestinal ischemia without mesenteric vessel obstruction, caused by low-flow states and vasospasm; treated with resuscitation, intra-arterial vasodilators, and surgery.
Non-rebreather mask
Non-rebreather mask (NRM), also called reservoir mask: emergency oxygen mask with reservoir bag and one-way valves delivering 60–90% FiO2 at 12–15 L/min, with suffocation risk if the oxygen supply fails.
Non-restorative sleep
Non-restorative sleep, also called unrefreshing sleep or waking up tired, is sleep felt to be unrefreshing despite adequate duration. Dropped from ICSD-3 insomnia criteria; linked to sleep apnea, fibromyalgia, and chronic fatigue syndrome.
Non-seminomatous germ cell tumor of testis
A non-seminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis (NSGCT) is a malignant testicular tumor that typically appears in the third decade of life as a painless mass.
Non-specific autoimmune cerebellar ataxia without characteristic antibodies
Non-specific autoimmune cerebellar ataxia without characteristic antibodies, or primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (PACA), is suspected immune-mediated cerebellar ataxia with no known trigger or pathogenic antibody; diagnosed by 2020 task force criteria using clinical, MRI/MRS, and CSF findings.
Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is a heart attack in which troponin confirms heart-muscle necrosis but the ECG lacks the persistent ST elevation that defines STEMI, usually from partial coronary occlusion.
Non-surgical management of osteoarthritis
Non-surgical management of osteoarthritis is the set of exercise, weight-management, drug, injection, and mechanical treatments used to reduce pain and preserve function, with therapeutic exercise recommended first-line for all patients.
Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia
Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT): three or more consecutive ventricular beats above 100 beats per minute terminating spontaneously within 30 seconds; prognosis depends on underlying structural heart disease.
Non-syndromic bilambdoid and sagittal craniosynostosis
Non-syndromic bilambdoid and sagittal craniosynostosis (BLSS, Mercedes Benz synostosis, craniofacial dyssynostosis, ORPHA:1516) is a rare multisutural craniosynostosis fusing both lambdoid sutures and the posterior sagittal suture, causing turricephaly, occipital concavity, and frequent cerebellar tonsillar herniation.