8,704 articles
Pott's disease
Pott's disease (spinal tuberculosis, tuberculous spondylitis) is TB of the vertebrae spread from the lungs, causing vertebral collapse, kyphosis, cold abscesses, and paraplegia; treated with multidrug chemotherapy and selected surgery.
Pouchitis
Pouchitis, also called ileal pouch inflammation, is non-specific inflammation of the ileal reservoir after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, mainly in ulcerative colitis patients. Affects about 32% of UC pouch patients, treated with antibiotics, probiotics, and biologics.
PPARG-related familial partial lipodystrophy
PPARG-related familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD3, OMIM 604367) is a rare autosomal dominant lipodystrophy from loss-of-function PPARG variants, causing limb lipoatrophy, truncal fat gain, diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia.
PPoma
PPoma, or pancreatic polypeptidoma, is a rare non-functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor hypersecreting pancreatic polypeptide; it causes only non-specific symptoms, is diagnosed late, often metastasizes to the liver, and can occur with MEN-1.
Prasugrel
Prasugrel, sold as Effient and Efient, is an oral antiplatelet drug used with aspirin to prevent blood clots in acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing stent procedures.
Pre-Descemet corneal dystrophy
Pre-Descemet corneal dystrophy (PDCD), including punctiform and polychromatic PPPCD, is a rare inherited stromal corneal dystrophy with deep stromal opacities anterior to Descemet membrane, asymptomatic, PRDX3-linked, good prognosis.
Pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia, a hypertensive multi-organ disorder of pregnancy after 20 weeks (hypertension plus proteinuria), affects 3-8% of births; managed with aspirin prophylaxis, magnesium sulfate, and delivery.
Pre-eclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension
Pre-eclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension (superimposed preeclampsia) is preeclampsia developing in a woman with hypertension before pregnancy or before 20 weeks, affecting roughly 20–25% of such pregnancies, harder to diagnose, and linked to worse maternal outcomes.
Precipitate labour
Precipitate labour (precipitous labor, rapid labor; ICD-11 JB02.3, ICD-10 O62.3) is abnormally fast childbirth, delivery within under 3 hours of regular contractions, risking hemorrhage, lacerations, and fetal injury.
Precocious puberty
Precocious puberty: development of secondary sex characteristics before age 8 in girls and 9 in boys; central (GnRH-dependent) versus peripheral forms, diagnosis with basal LH and MRI, GnRHa treatment, secular trends.
Precordial catch syndrome
Precordial catch syndrome, also called Texidor's twinge or chest wall twinge syndrome, is a benign, brief (seconds to 3 minutes) sharp left-sided chest pain worsened by deep breathing, common in children and young adults, unrelated to heart or lung disease.
Prediabetes
Prediabetes: blood glucose above normal but below diabetes thresholds (A1C 5.7–6.4%, FPG 100–125 mg/dL). Affects ~97.6 million US adults; DPP lifestyle change cuts diabetes risk 58%, metformin 31%.
Preexcited atrial fibrillation
Preexcited atrial fibrillation: AF conducting anterograde over a Wolff-Parkinson-White accessory pathway, causing rapid irregular wide QRS tachycardia; treated with cardioversion or ibutilide/procainamide, with AV nodal blockers contraindicated.
PregMet trial
PregMet (Metformin in Pregnant PCOS Women, NCT00159536) and its successor PregMet2 (NCT01587378) are Norwegian-led randomized placebo-controlled trials of 2000 mg metformin in PCOS pregnancy; pooled data suggest reduced late miscarriage and preterm birth but no prevention of gestational diabetes.
Pregnancy dermatoses
Pregnancy dermatoses are pruritic inflammatory skin disorders specific to pregnancy and the immediate postpartum period: pemphigoid gestationis, polymorphic eruption of pregnancy (PUPPP), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, and atopic eruption of pregnancy, distinguished by onset, lesions, and fetal risk.
Pregnancy over age 50
Pregnancy over age 50: postmenopausal or near-postmenopausal pregnancy achieved almost exclusively by donor-egg IVF; US births 1,230 in 2022; elevated risks of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, cesarean, and maternal death.
Pregnancy-associated spontaneous coronary artery dissection
Pregnancy-associated spontaneous coronary artery dissection (P-SCAD, PASCAD) is a non-atherosclerotic coronary artery tear during pregnancy or postpartum, the leading cause of pregnancy-related myocardial infarction, managed mainly conservatively.
Prehypertension
Prehypertension (JNC 7, 2003) is blood pressure of 120–139 systolic and/or 80–89 diastolic mm Hg, above optimal but below hypertension; linked to higher CVD, CHD, and stroke risk, and replaced in 2017 ACC/AHA terms by elevated BP and stage 1 hypertension.
Premature adrenarche
Premature adrenarche: early adrenal androgen rise causing pubic/axillary hair, body odor, and acne before age 8 in girls or 9 in boys; benign variant of puberty, diagnosis of exclusion, distinct from central precocious puberty and NCAH.
Premature atrial contraction
Premature atrial contraction (PAC, premature atrial complex) is an early extra heartbeat arising in the atria. Occasional PACs are benign; frequent PACs (over ~500/24 h) predict atrial fibrillation, stroke, and mortality.
Premature burial
Premature burial (vivisepulture) is burial while still alive; taphophobia, its fear, swept 18th-19th century Europe, spawning safety coffins, waiting mortuaries, and death-diagnosis research, though evidence shows the claimed epidemic was largely a fable.
Premature canities
Premature canities, or premature graying of hair (ICD-11 ED73.10), is hair graying before age 20 in Caucasians and 30 in Africans, linked to genetics, oxidative stress, smoking, and B12 deficiency.
Premature ejaculation
Premature ejaculation (PE), also called early ejaculation, is a common male sexual dysfunction defined by ejaculation within about one minute of penetration (lifelong) or a bothersome drop to about three minutes (acquired), treated with dapoxetine, topical anaesthetics, or SSRIs.
Premature ovarian failure
Premature ovarian failure, now called premature or primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), is loss of ovarian activity before age 40; diagnosed by 4 months of disordered cycles with FSH above 25 IU/l, affecting about 1 to 3.5 percent of women.
Premature ventricular contraction
Ventricular premature depolarization, also called premature ventricular contraction (PVC), is an early heartbeat originating in a ventricle. Common ectopic beat; burdens above 10–15% can cause reversible PVC-induced cardiomyopathy.
Premenopausal idiopathic osteoporosis
Premenopausal idiopathic osteoporosis (ICD-11 FB83.10) is rare osteoporosis in premenopausal women: low-trauma fracture with low BMD after excluding secondary causes; heterogeneous pathogenesis, no approved treatments.
PrEP-PP study
PrEP-PP (PrEP in Pregnancy and Postpartum) is a demonstration cohort study (NCT03902418) of 1,195 pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa, measuring PrEP initiation, continuation, adherence, and HIV incidence through 12 months postpartum.
PrePARe study
PrePARe (NCT04213963) is a University of Turin prospective study measuring primary aldosteronism prevalence in resistant hypertension via saline infusion testing, and comparing organ damage, metabolic, and oxidative stress outcomes against essential resistant hypertension.
Prepatellar bursitis
Prepatellar bursitis (housemaid's knee) is inflammation of the bursa in front of the kneecap, caused mainly by kneeling occupations; about one third of cases are septic, usually Staphylococcus aureus, treated with antibiotics or bursectomy.
Presbycusis
Presbycusis, or age-related hearing loss, is progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss from cochlear aging, causing high-frequency loss and poor speech discrimination in noise; managed with hearing aids and cochlear implants.