8,704 articles
Pthiriasis
Pthiriasis (pediculosis pubis, pubic lice, "crabs") is ICD-11 1G03, infestation by the crab louse Pthirus pubis, spread mainly sexually; treated with permethrin 1% or pyrethrins, with STI screening advised.
PTX-II trial
PTX-II (NCT02451774) was a randomized double-blind phase 2 trial at the University of Guadalajara adding pentoxifylline to chemotherapy in 44 children with newly diagnosed ALL; it increased apoptosis and early MRD-negative remission but not overall survival.
Public health surveillance
Public health surveillance, also called epidemiological or syndromic surveillance, is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and dissemination of health data, described as "information for action" against disease.
Pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome
Pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome is a rare chronic neuropathic pain condition caused by compression or irritation of the pudendal nerve, most often in Alcock's canal, with pain typically worsened by sitting.
Puerperal osteomalacia
Puerperal osteomalacia (ICD-10 M83.0, ICD-11 JB44.6), also called postpartum or lactation-related osteomalacia, is postpartum bone softening from defective mineralization due to calcium and vitamin D depletion, with bone pain, Looser zones, and recovery after weaning.
Puerperal sepsis
Puerperal sepsis, also called childbed fever or puerperal fever, is an infection of the genital tract after childbirth and a leading cause of maternal death worldwide.
Pulmonary actinomycosis
Pulmonary actinomycosis (ICD-10 A42.0, ICD-11 1C10.0) is a rare chronic lung infection from aspirated Actinomyces oral flora, mimicking lung cancer and tuberculosis, treated with prolonged penicillin and sometimes surgery.
Pulmonary adiaspiromycosis
Pulmonary adiaspiromycosis, also called haplomycosis or Emmonsia crescens infection, is a rare granulomatous lung infection from inhaled soil-fungus spores that swell into non-replicating 40–500 μm adiaspores; common in rodents, rare in humans, usually self-limiting.
Pulmonary agenesis
Pulmonary agenesis (congenital absence of lung, ORPHA:984) is a rare malformation with complete absence of a lung, bronchus, and pulmonary artery; bilateral disease is lethal, unilateral survival about 62% at 2 years.
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), a rare lung disease with surfactant accumulation in alveoli; forms include autoimmune (GM-CSF autoantibody) PAP; treated with whole lung lavage and inhaled GM-CSF.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare, Group 1 form of pulmonary hypertension in which small lung arteries remodel and narrow, raising resistance and eventually causing right heart failure.
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM), also called pulmonary arteriovenous fistula: an abnormal artery-vein connection in the lung causing right-to-left shunt, stroke, and brain abscess risk; mostly linked to HHT, screened by contrast echocardiography, treated by embolization.
Pulmonary artery catheter
Pulmonary artery catheter, also called Swan-Ganz catheter or right heart catheter: balloon-tipped flow-directed device introduced by Swan and Ganz in 1970 to measure heart and lung pressures, cardiac output, and mixed venous oxygen saturation in critically ill patients; large trials showed no routine outcome benefit.
Pulmonary artery hypoplasia
Pulmonary artery hypoplasia is a rare congenital anomaly in which a branch pulmonary artery is underdeveloped, causing shortness of breath, recurrent lung infections, and pulmonary hypertension.
Pulmonary aspiration
Pulmonary aspiration: entry of oropharyngeal or gastric material into the lower airway. Causes chemical pneumonitis (Mendelson's syndrome) or aspiration pneumonia; key risks are dysphagia, stroke, anesthesia, and reduced consciousness.
Pulmonary atresia
Congenital pulmonary atresia: a critical congenital heart defect in which the pulmonary valve does not form, blocking right ventricular blood flow to the lungs; two types (with intact ventricular septum or with VSD), about 1 in 8,333 US births, treated with prostaglandin, shunts, and staged surgery.
Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect
Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA/VSD), also called PA-VSD, is a critical congenital heart defect with an absent pulmonary valve and a VSD, often supplied by MAPCAs, repaired by unifocalization.
Pulmonary blastoma
Pulmonary blastoma (pneumoblastoma) is a rare adult biphasic sarcomatoid lung cancer mimicking fetal lung, under 0.25% of lung tumors, ~350 reported cases, treated by surgery, distinct from childhood pleuropulmonary blastoma.
Pulmonary capillaritis
Pulmonary capillaritis (alveolar capillaritis) is neutrophilic inflammation and necrosis of alveolar capillary walls causing diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, usually from ANCA-associated vasculitis or collagen vascular disease, rarely isolated.
Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis
Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH), grouped with PVOD as PVOD/PCH, is a rare pulmonary vascular disease of abnormal alveolar capillary proliferation causing pulmonary hypertension, linked to biallelic EIF2AK4 mutations, treated by lung transplantation.
Pulmonary collapse
Pulmonary collapse, or atelectasis, is deflation of part or all of a lung to an airless state, usually after anesthesia; distinct from pneumothorax, ICD-11 CB40.2, treated by reexpansion.
Pulmonary contusion
Pulmonary contusion: trauma-induced lung hemorrhage and edema without laceration, usually from blunt chest trauma; diagnosed by CT, treated supportively with oxygen, analgesia, and lung-protective ventilation; complications include pneumonia and ARDS.
Pulmonary cryptococcosis
Pulmonary cryptococcosis, lung infection from inhaled Cryptococcus neoformans or gattii spores, causing nodules, cough, often asymptomatic; treated with fluconazole or amphotericin B plus flucytosine.
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary edema, abnormal fluid accumulation in lung interstitium and alveoli, occurs as cardiogenic (hydrostatic, left heart failure) or noncardiogenic (permeability, ARDS) types, distinguished by edema fluid protein ratio, wedge pressure, BNP, and imaging, and treated with oxygen, diuretics, nitrates, and ventilation.
Pulmonary embolism
Acute pulmonary thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism, PE): sudden blockage of lung arteries by a clot, usually from leg deep vein thrombosis. Diagnosed by D-dimer and CTPA; treated with anticoagulation, classified A–E by the 2026 AHA/ACC guideline.
Pulmonary eosinophilia
Pulmonary eosinophilia (PIE syndrome, eosinophilic pneumonia): eosinophil infiltration of lung airways, interstitium, and alveoli; diagnosed by BAL over 25% eosinophils, blood eosinophilia with opacities, or biopsy; treated by cause.
Pulmonary fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), is scarring of lung tissue that impairs oxygen transfer. Known causes include drugs, radiation, environmental, occupational, and autoimmune disease; antifibrotics slow progression.
Pulmonary function testing
Pulmonary function testing (PFT), also called lung function testing, measures airflow, lung volumes, and gas transfer (DLCO) via spirometry, body plethysmography, and diffusing capacity, with impulse oscillometry as an effort-free complement, standardized by ATS/ERS 2019-2023 technical standards.
Pulmonary heart disease
Pulmonary heart disease (cor pulmonale) is right ventricular hypertrophy, dilatation, and failure caused by lung disorders producing pulmonary hypertension, chiefly COPD; left heart and congenital causes are excluded, and treatment targets the underlying lung disease and oxygenation.
Pulmonary histoplasmosis capsulati
Pulmonary histoplasmosis capsulati (ICD-11 1F2A.0) is lung infection from inhaling Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum spores in bird- or bat-contaminated soil; endemic in the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys, usually self-limiting, treated with amphotericin B and itraconazole when severe.