51 articles
Mental disorder
A mental disorder, also called a psychiatric or psychological disorder, is a clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion, or behavior, usually with distress or impairment; anxiety and depression are most common.
Mental health professional
Mental health professional: umbrella term for trained providers such as psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, nurses, counselors, and peer workers; differs by degree, licensure, prescribing rights, and roles in care delivery.
Mental Health Services (concept)
Mental health services are organized services providing mental health care, MeSH descriptor D008605 since 1967. Covers deinstitutionalization history, community models such as community mental health centers and assertive community treatment, effectiveness evidence, and access barriers.
Picture superiority effect
Picture superiority effect (PSE): memory phenomenon, also called dual-coding advantage, in which pictures are remembered better than words. Named in Paivio & Csapo's 1973 work; distinctiveness experiments eliminated it in recognition.
Psychiatric assessment
Psychiatric assessment: comprehensive clinical evaluation for mental disorder diagnosis, built on the psychiatric interview, history taking, and mental state examination; structured interviews such as the SCID outperform unstructured ones, organized against DSM-5-TR and ICD criteria.
Psychiatric hospital
Psychiatric hospital: inpatient facility for treating mental disorders, historically the asylum (first U.S. example 1752, over 500,000 patients by the 1950s), transformed by deinstitutionalization after chlorpromazine and the 1963 Community Mental Health Centers Act.
Psychiatric Nursing
Psychiatric nursing (psychiatric-mental health nursing), specialty nursing field caring for people with mental illness in hospitals, community, and primary care; history from 1882 McLean Asylum training school, therapeutic relationship focus, and trial evidence on nurse-delivered interventions.
Psychiatric Rehabilitation
Psychiatric rehabilitation (psychosocial rehabilitation, PSR) helps people with severe mental illness live independently in the community. Emerged in the 1970s from deinstitutionalization; key models include ACT, IPS supported employment, and supportive housing.
Psychiatrist
A psychiatrist is a medical doctor specializing in mental health, including substance use disorders, trained through medical school and residency to prescribe medications, provide psychotherapy, and perform medical treatments.
Psychiatry
Psychiatry, the medical specialty for mental, behavioral, and personality disorders; also called psychological medicine. Physicians trained ~12 years; DSM-based diagnosis since 1952; treatments include psychotherapy, medication, and community-based care.
Psychological first aid
Psychological first aid (PFA) is supportive, non-intrusive assistance providing safety, calming, and practical help to people in the hours to weeks after disasters and emergencies.
Psychopathology
Psychopathology is the scientific study of mental disorders, their symptoms, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment, historically organized by DSM and ICD classifications and increasingly studied through dimensional frameworks such as HiTOP and RDoC.
Psychosomatic medicine
Psychosomatic medicine: field studying psychological, behavioral, and social factors in disease; also called consultation-liaison psychiatry; Heinroth coined the term in 1818; US subspecialty since 2003.
Rosy retrospection
Rosy retrospection, also called rosy retrospection bias, is the tendency to recall past events more fondly than they were actually evaluated while happening, first described by Mitchell and Thompson in 1994.
Routine outcome monitoring
Routine outcome monitoring, also called measurement-based care, is a mental health practice in which standardized symptom measures are administered repeatedly and fed back to guide treatment decisions.
Sexual arousal disorder
Sexual arousal disorder, or female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD), is a sexual dysfunction of reduced genital and subjective arousal despite desire and stimulation; DSM-5 now classifies it as female sexual interest/arousal disorder (FSIAD), distinct from persistent genital arousal disorder.
Sexual fantasy
Sexual fantasy, also called erotic fantasy or sexual daydream, is imagined sexual content that arouses. Research shows few fantasies are rare; 68.8% report BDSM fantasies; only 1.7% of men with paraphilic fantasies feel distress.
Silent treatment
Silent treatment: deliberate withholding of communication to punish, control, or avoid conflict; a dyadic form of ostracism studied by Kipling Williams, linked to pain, stonewalling, and relationship dissolution.
SUPPORT trial (NCT06264050)
SUPPORT (NCT06264050) is a single-group pre-post observational study at IRCCS San Camillo, Venice, testing whether a Psychological Support Group changes anxiety (STAI Y2), depression (BDI-II), coping (COPE-NVI 25), and outcomes (CORE-OM) in 19 neurorehabilitation inpatients.
Supported Employment
Supported employment (Individual Placement and Support, IPS) is an evidence-based vocational rehabilitation model that places people with severe mental illness or other disabilities in competitive jobs first, with concurrent treatment and time-unlimited on-the-job support, outperforming train-then-place programs in employment outcomes.
Urolagnia
Urolagnia (urophilia, undinism) is a paraphilia of sexual arousal linked to urine or urination; term coined from Greek roots, earliest OED evidence 1906 in Havelock Ellis, discussed by Krafft-Ebing, lifetime prevalence about 6% of men and 4% of women.