Public health and healthcare

COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario

COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario: provincial course of the global COVID-19 outbreak from the first case in January 2020, emergency declarations, long-term-care deaths, vaccination from December 2020, and current respiratory virus surveillance.

COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan

COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan: national outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 from 26 February 2020, five waves through June 2022, lockdown, Sinopharm-led vaccination from February 2021, and 664,000 estimated excess deaths.

COVID-19 pandemic in Poland

COVID-19 pandemic in Poland: national phase of the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, first case 4 March 2020, epidemic state 20 March 2020 to 12 May 2022, early lockdown, 117,000 reported deaths by October 2022, and below-average vaccination uptake.

COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab, India

COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab, India: state-level outbreak from the first case on March 5, 2020; first state to impose a curfew, extensive testing and contact tracing, 2% CFR early on, and severe 2021 oxygen shortages.

COVID-19 pandemic in Romania

COVID-19 pandemic in Romania: five waves March 2020 to March 2022, about 2.8 million cases and 64,000 deaths, state of emergency from 16 March 2020, and one of the EU's lowest vaccination rates.

COVID-19 pandemic in Russia

COVID-19 pandemic in Russia: first cases January–March 2020, lockdown 30 March–11 May 2020, Sputnik V approved 11 August 2020, and roughly 1.07 million estimated excess deaths 2020–21 versus far lower official counts.

COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal

The COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal reached the country on March 2, 2020; its early response drew international praise, but a severe third wave hit in mid-2021.

COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore

The COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore was the country's experience of the global SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, from its first confirmed case in January 2020 through lockdown and variant waves to endemic management from 2023.

COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa

The COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa began 5 March 2020, ran through five variant-driven waves (D614G, Beta, Delta, Omicron BA.1/2, BA.4/5), included a stringent level-5 lockdown, and saw 229,850 excess deaths versus 77,141 reported by August 2021.

COVID-19 pandemic in South America

The COVID-19 pandemic in South America was the regional outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 that began in February 2020; the WHO declared Latin America the pandemic's epicenter in May 2020.

COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea

COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea, 코로나19, began 20 January 2020; controlled via 3T test-trace-treat, drive-through testing, and no lockdown; Daegu Shincheonji cluster; 77.2% complete vaccination; mortality about five times lower than the USA.

COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Africa

The COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Africa was the regional course of the global COVID-19 epidemic from 2020, with South Africa recording the continent's largest case share.

COVID-19 pandemic in Spain

COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: national course of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak; second European epicenter after Italy; state of alarm and lockdown 14 March 2020; 115,000 reported deaths by October 2022; crisis framework ended 4 July 2023.

COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden

Sweden's COVID-19 pandemic response (2020–2023): no lockdown, voluntary PHAS recommendations, open schools. High first-wave excess mortality (5x Finland, 12x Norway in 2020) but low cumulative 2020–2022 excess mortality (158/100,000).

COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu

COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu, India: first case 7 March 2020, second-wave peak 36,184 cases on 21 May 2021, 3.6 million official cases, and an estimated 260,000 excess deaths.

COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand

The COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand (การระบาดของไวรัสโคโรนา ในประเทศไทย) was the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak beginning in January 2020, causing over 4.68 million cases and more than 32,000 deaths across five waves.

COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines

COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines: national outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 from 30 January 2020, marked by one of the world's longest lockdowns (Luzon ECQ, 53.3 million people), the Bayanihan emergency laws, IATF-EID-led response, and a late March 2021 CoronaVac vaccination start.

COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland

COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland, also called the Irish COVID-19 response: national public health crisis from 29 February 2020 to 2023, marked by Level 1-5 restrictions, lockdowns, and a vaccination program from 29 December 2020.

COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom

COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: national experience of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak from 2020, marked by the world's first COVID-19 vaccination deployment, over 160,000 deaths within 28 days of a positive test, and critical public inquiry findings.

COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak from the first U.S. case in January 2020 to the end of the public health emergency on May 11, 2023, with 1.1 million reported deaths.

COVID-19 pandemic in Uttar Pradesh

The COVID-19 pandemic in Uttar Pradesh was the pandemic's course in India's most populous state from 2020, marked by large-scale surveillance and disputed official case and death counts.

COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam: four Ministry of Health waves from 23 January 2020; early border closures, contact tracing (F0–F5), 5K rules, zero-COVID until the 2021 Delta wave, then Resolution 128 new-normal shift.

COVID-19 pandemic in West Africa

The COVID-19 pandemic in West Africa spread SARS-CoV-2 across all 16 countries from early 2020, bringing four epidemic waves, vaccination campaigns, and a 1.1 percent economic contraction in 2020.

COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal

COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal, India, from March 2020 through 2021: first case from London travel, three waves, 2021 election-driven surge, death underreporting controversy, and INSACOG genomic surveillance.

COVID-BioB study

COVID-BioB (NCT04318366) is a single-center prospective observational cohort and biobank at IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, enrolling hospitalized adults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 since March 2020 to find predictors of severity, mortality, and treatment response.

COVIP study

COVIP (NCT04321265) was a prospective international observational study of ICU patients aged 70+ with COVID-19, run by the ESICM VIP project across 376 ICUs in 44 countries; it showed frailty predicted 30- and 90-day survival better than age.

CoWIN

CoWIN (COVID-19 Vaccine Intelligence Network) is India's government-run web platform for COVID-19 vaccination registration, scheduling, stock tracking, and digital certificates, launched 16 January 2021, built from eVIN, handling over two billion doses and offered internationally as a digital public good.

CREDENCE trial

CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation), NCT02065791, phase 3 trial of canagliflozin 100 mg vs placebo in 4,401 patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric CKD; primary composite renal/CV outcome HR 0.70, stopped early for benefit in 2018.

CRETA trial

CRETA trial (EudraCT 2018-002948-88, NCT04131543): Italian phase II single-arm study of cabozantinib in pretreated advanced RET-rearranged NSCLC, sponsored by University of Bologna, 25 planned patients; prematurely ended with no published results.