Public health and healthcare

Healthcare

Healthcare: The Journal of Delivery Science and Innovation (HJDSI) is a quarterly Elsevier peer-reviewed journal founded in Amsterdam in 2013, covering health care delivery innovation, indexed in MEDLINE since 2015, and an official AcademyHealth journal.

Healthcare Disparities

Healthcare disparities, also called health care inequalities, are differences in access to or availability of medical facilities and services between population groups, tracked by MeSH since 2008, AHRQ reports since 2003, and persisting in every U.S. state.

Healthcare in Brazil

Healthcare in Brazil centers on SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde), a tax-funded universal system created by the 1988 Constitution, free at point of care, decentralized across three government levels, alongside private insurance covering about 25% of the population.

Healthcare in Canada

Canada's universal, tax-funded Medicare system: 13 provincial plans under the 1984 Canada Health Act, $52.1B federal transfer, long specialist waits, and new dental care and pharmacare programs.

Healthcare in China

Healthcare in China (医疗卫生): mixed public-private system run by the National Health Commission and National Healthcare Security Administration; 1.1 million institutions, 16.12 million workers, 10.65 billion visits in 2025, spending 6.7% of GDP, life expectancy 79.25 years.

Healthcare in Germany

Healthcare in Germany, also called the German health care system, provides universal coverage through compulsory statutory health insurance, first introduced under Otto von Bismarck in 1883.

Healthcare in India

Healthcare in India: mixed public-private system, 3.83% of GDP health spending (2021-22), Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY ₹5 lakh coverage, 1.84 lakh Ayushman Arogya Mandirs, 863 million digital health IDs, out-of-pocket spending down to 39.4%.

Healthcare in Nigeria

Healthcare in Nigeria: pluralistic public-private system, decentralized across federal, state, and local government, funded mostly by out-of-pocket payments (76%), with NHIA mandatory insurance since 2022, low spending, and workforce shortages.

Healthcare in South Africa

Healthcare in South Africa: a two-tier public–private system serving about 84% of people publicly, spending 8.27% of GDP, carrying the world's largest HIV population, and reforming financing through the National Health Insurance Act phased in 2024–2028.

Healthcare Near Miss

Healthcare near miss (close call): a patient safety event that presented a risk but caused no patient harm. WHO classifies incidents as near miss, no harm, or harmful; near misses are up to 300 times more common than adverse events but underreported.

HEALTHY trial

HEALTHY trial (NCT00458029): NIDDK-funded US cluster-randomized primary prevention trial in 42 middle schools, 7 sites, testing a 4-component school intervention against type 2 diabetes risk factors; primary obesity outcome null, secondary adiposity outcomes improved.

Hebei Medical University

Hebei Medical University is a provincial public medical university in Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China, tracing its origin to an 1894 school founded by Li Hongzhang, the first government-run Western medicine school in modern China.

Helen Burstin

Helen Burstin is an American physician and health services researcher who serves as Chief Executive Officer of the Council of Medical Specialty Societies and is a member of the National Academy of Medicine.

Helen L. Smits

Helen L. Smits is an American physician who served as Deputy Administrator of Medicare's HCFA from 1993 to 1996 and chaired the Joint Commission board.

HELLO trial

The HELLO trial was an international, cluster-randomized controlled trial led by Elie Azoulay that tested the four-week Hello Bundle, reducing burnout among ICU professionals across 60 countries.

HELP-Vets study

HELP-Vets (Helping Veterans Experience Less Pain) study, NCT00230932, a VA cross-sectional cohort study (2006-2007, 528 veterans, VISN 22) evaluating the reliability of pain as the fifth vital sign and gaps in pain care.

Helsinki University Hospital

HUS Helsinki University Hospital (HUS Helsingin yliopistollinen sairaala) is Finland's largest healthcare provider, organizing specialized care in Uusimaa; 26,500 employees, 711,000 patients yearly, teaching hospital of the University of Helsinki.

Hennepin County Medical Center

Hennepin County Medical Center (HCMC), also known as Hennepin Healthcare, is Minneapolis' public safety-net hospital and Level 1 trauma center, founded 1887 as Minneapolis City Hospital, county-owned since 1963, with Minnesota's largest emergency department.

Henri R. Manasse Jr.

Henri R. Manasse Jr. is an American pharmacy leader and medication-safety advocate, former chief executive officer of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists and dean emeritus of the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy.

HEPATHER study

ANRS CO22 HEPATHER, a French national prospective observational cohort launched August 2012 (NCT01953458), follows about 21,000 patients with hepatitis B or C to assess real-life treatment effectiveness, safety, and liver disease outcomes.

Herd immunity

Herd immunity, also called community or indirect protection, occurs when enough of a population is immune, by vaccination or infection, that transmission chains break. Threshold is 1 − 1/R0; measles needs about 95% coverage, polio about 80%.

Herminia Palacio

Herminia Palacio is an American physician and public health leader who led the Guttmacher Institute and was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2023.

History of hospitals

History of hospitals: from Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Greek healing temples and Asclepeia, through Fabiola's 4th-century Roman hospital and Islamic bimaristans, to European voluntary hospitals and modern US institutions of science, insurance, and state funding.

History of medicine

History of medicine: the development of medical knowledge and institutions from Galen and Hippocrates through Islamic bimaristans, Renaissance anatomy, Paris hospital medicine, germ theory, anesthesia, vaccination, and modern public health.

History of smallpox

History of smallpox (variola): a 3,000-year human disease killing about 3 in 10 infected, controlled by variolation, then Jenner's 1796 cowpox vaccine, and eradicated by WHO's intensified campaign, last natural case Somalia 1977, declared eradicated 1980.

HIV/AIDS denialism

HIV/AIDS denialism rejects the consensus that HIV causes AIDS, claiming drugs, malnutrition, or lifestyle instead. Traced to Peter Duesberg's 1987 article; under President Mbeki it cost an estimated 330,000 lives in South Africa, and it resurged online in the COVID era.

Oct 22, 2026

HIV/AIDS epidemic in Southern Africa

The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Southern Africa is the world's most severe regional HIV epidemic, with South Africa alone home to about 8 million people living with HIV.

HNC study

HNC study: clinical research on head and neck cancer, chiefly rehabilitation and survivorship trials such as RPC, CaRe, GRRAND-F, and NUTRI-HAB, targeting dysphagia, lymphedema, and quality of life.

HOHO study

HOHO (Helping Ourselves, Helping Others), the Young Women's Breast Cancer Study (YWS), NCT01468246: prospective cohort of women diagnosed with breast cancer at age 40 or younger, with North American (1,302 women) and European IBCSG 43-09 (300 women) cohorts studying fertility, psychosocial, and treatment outcomes over 10 years.