1,953 articles
IFNfreeCOG trial
IFNfreeCOG (NCT02469012), a German trial of neurocognitive performance and emotional state in chronic hepatitis C patients on interferon-free sofosbuvir-based therapy, run by University of Wuerzburg at Burghausen with TAP, SF-36, HADS, and FIS-D measures.
Ignaz Semmelweis
Ignaz Semmelweis (Ignác Fülöp Semmelweis, 1818–1865), Hungarian obstetrician called the savior of mothers, showed childbed fever spread on doctors' hands and cut Vienna clinic mortality from 10% to 2% using 4% chlorinated lime handwashing from May 1847.
IGNITE-AIS trial
IGNITE-AIS (NCT04931433) is a completed Phase 4, double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial at University of Malaya testing intravenous lignocaine during posterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, with 24-hour morphine consumption as the primary outcome.
ILERVAS trial
The ILERVAS trial is a randomized screening study in Lleida, Spain, enrolling 16,660 people at low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk from 2015 to 2018 to test whether arterial ultrasound screening affects cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Illinois Department of Public Health
Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH), descended from the 1877 State Board of Health, is Illinois's state public health agency: $2.9 billion budget, 1,200 staff, quarantine authority, vital records, and local health department certification.
Imam Khomeini Hospital
Imam Khomeini Hospital (مجتمع بیمارستانی امام خمینی), Tehran: public academic hospital complex of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, founded 1946, with Valiasr Hospital, the Cancer Institute, Iran's first hospital cancer registry, and about 1,100 beds.
Immunization
Immunization is the process of making a person resistant to disease, typically by vaccine, and is among the safest public health measures, averting an estimated 4.4 million deaths yearly.
Immunization Programs
Immunization programs, or national EPI programs, deliver routine and campaign vaccines worldwide. WHO launched EPI in 1974; 2025 DTP3 coverage 85%, 13.5 million zero-dose children.
IMPACNEO trial
IMPACNEO (NCT04735445), a Spanish multicenter pragmatic randomized trial comparing enhanced comprehensive cancer screening with EACS standard care in people with HIV; 4,638 planned participants, 84% adherence, 29.4% positive baseline screening findings.
IMPACT study (NCT03831490)
IMPACT (NCT03831490), Study for Improving Maternal, Pregnancy and Child Outcomes: Swedish prospective multicentre cohort by Uppsala University, 2018-2022, 13,000 first-trimester pregnancies, building preeclampsia prediction models and a national biobank.
IMPACT trial (NCT07420426)
IMPACT (NCT07420426, IMPACT2025) is a University of Hong Kong randomized trial testing 9 weeks of automated instant message-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy against general mental health messages for neuropsychiatric symptoms in adults aged 50+ with mild cognitive impairment; 160 participants, recruiting, completion expected December 2026.
ImPAcTT trial
ImPAcTT (Improving Palliative Care Access Through Technology), NCT04969484, is a University of Utah telehealth palliative care pilot for nursing home residents led by Caroline Stephens; non-randomized, 3 nursing homes, enrollment 81, status suspended after COVID-19 disruptions. Distinct from the IMPACTT team-based RCT and the Australian IMPART trial.
In situ simulation
In situ simulation is a healthcare training method that runs realistic clinical scenarios in the actual patient care environment with on-shift staff, exposing latent safety threats before they harm a patient.
INCAsE trial
INCAsE (NCT04204109) was a terminated cluster randomized trial at Rigshospitalet comparing interprofessional versus monoprofessional case-based learning on gastrointestinal toxicities in childhood cancer, enrolling 49 staff; distinct from the VA COPD InCasE trial.
Incidence (epidemiology)
Incidence in epidemiology is the frequency of new cases of disease in a population over a specified period, measured as incidence proportion (risk) or incidence rate (per person-time), distinct from prevalence, which counts all existing cases.
Incubation period
Incubation period: the time from exposure to an infectious agent to symptom onset, also called the latency period for chronic disease. Varies by dose, route, and host immunity; sets quarantine lengths (14 days for COVID-19) and outbreak investigation windows.
Independent trial (NCT00710788)
NCT00710788, the INDEPENDENT study, an Italian open-label randomized trial comparing sevelamer with calcium carbonate in 466 incident hemodialysis patients, reporting lower arrhythmic cardiovascular mortality with sevelamer (HR 0.06).
Index case
Index case: the first case of a disease to come to the attention of health authorities in an outbreak or study. Distinct from the primary case (who introduced the infection) and from "patient zero"; not necessarily the outbreak's source.
Indian Council of Medical Research (भारतीय आयुर्विज्ञान अनुसंधान परिषद)
Indian Council of Medical Research (भारतीय आयुर्विज्ञान अनुसंधान परिषद), India's apex biomedical research body, founded 1911 as Indian Research Fund Association; runs 28 institutes, tiered extramural grants, and DHR-funded health research.
Indian Health Service
The Indian Health Service is a U.S. federal agency within the Department of Health and Human Services providing health care to American Indians and Alaska Natives.
Indian Red Cross Society
Indian Red Cross Society (भारतीय रेड क्रास सोसाइटी), India's national Red Cross society, founded under Act XV of 1920; IFRC member with 36 state branches, 1,200+ district branches, and about 4.7 million volunteers.
Indoor residual spraying
Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is a malaria control method that coats the interior walls and ceilings of dwellings with long-acting insecticide, killing mosquitoes that rest there.
Industrial medicine
Industrial medicine, also called occupational medicine, is the medical specialty concerned with workers' health and the link between working conditions and disease or injury. It grew out of the nineteenth-century factory system.
Infection Control
Infection control, or infection prevention and control (IPC), is the discipline of practices preventing infection spread in healthcare settings, built on Standard Precautions for all patients and Transmission-Based Precautions (contact, droplet, airborne) for known or suspected infections.
Influenza pandemic
Influenza pandemic: global outbreak from a novel influenza A virus (H1N1, H2N2, H3N2) with little population immunity; 1918, 1957, 1968, 2009 pandemics killed from ~100,000 to 50 million.
INITonSD trial
INITonSD (NCT07232316) is a completed single-blinded randomized trial at Ziauddin University, Karachi, comparing Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique with conventional exercise in 82 adults aged 20-40 with Scapular Dyskinesis Type II over six weeks.
Injury surveillance
Injury surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of injury data for prevention, guided by WHO and CDC guidelines published in 2001.
INNOVA study
INNOVA (NCT05347823) is an observational Verona, Italy cohort study measuring adherence to antihypertensive drugs and statins via UHPLC-QQQ/MS hair analysis in 200 SIIA hypertension patients; status not yet recruiting, no results posted.
INRECLISA trial
IN-REC-LISA trial (NCT05711966): international multicenter randomized trial comparing IN-REC-SUR-E versus LISA surfactant administration in 382 preterm infants 24–27+6 weeks with RDS; primary outcome death or BPD at 36 weeks postmenstrual age.
INS2018 study
INS2018 (International Nutrition Survey 2018) was a multinational observational study of ICU nutrition therapy, focused on cardiac surgery patients; 13 ICUs in six countries enrolled 237 patients, comparing sites with and without dietetic services.