25,729 articles
Bivalent type 1 & 3 Oral Poliomyelitis vaccine, IP
Bivalent type 1&3 Oral Poliomyelitis vaccine, IP (bOPV1&3), Haffkine's WHO-prequalified live oral polio vaccine with Sabin types 1 and 3 from Bio Farma bulks, prequalified 19 March 2010 for routine immunization and campaigns in children 0–5 years.
Bivalirudin
Bivalirudin is a synthetic peptide drug that directly inhibits thrombin; approved in the United States in 2000 as Angiomax, it is used as an anticoagulant during coronary intervention.
Biventricular failure
Biventricular failure, ICD-11 code BD14, is failure of both heart ventricles, usually left heart failure causing post-capillary pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular overload; treated with GDMT, CRT, mechanical support, or transplantation.
Biventricular repair
Biventricular repair is a surgical strategy in congenital heart disease that establishes a two-ventricle circulation, used when ventricle size and valve adequacy make it feasible.
Bixalomer
Bixalomer (ASP1585, AMG 223, ILY-101; Kiklin) is a non-calcium, metal-free amine polymer phosphate binder by Astellas/Ilypsa for hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis, non-inferior to sevelamer HCl and reducing coronary calcification versus calcium carbonate.
Bixonimania
Bixonimania is a fictitious eye disease invented in 2024 by Almira Osmanovic Thunström of the University of Gothenburg to test AI; chatbots like ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, and Perplexity repeated it as real, and a Cureus paper citing it was retracted.
Bizalimogene ralaplasmid
Bizalimogene ralaplasmid (VGX-3100, pGX3002) is Inovio's therapeutic DNA vaccine encoding HPV-16/18 E6/E7, delivered by intramuscular electroporation with CELLECTRA to treat cervical, vulvar, and anal high-grade lesions.
Bizarre delusion
Bizarre delusion (ICD-11 MB26.00): a delusion with patently absurd, physically impossible content, contrasted with non-bizarre delusions; formerly a special schizophrenia criterion in DSM-III-R through DSM-IV-TR, demoted in DSM-5.
Björnstad syndrome
Björnstad syndrome (OMIM 262000, Crandall syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive BCS1L mitochondrial disorder causing congenital sensorineural hearing loss and pili torti, with fewer than fifty reported cases.
BL-41
BL-41 (CVCL_1087, DSMZ ACC 160) is an EBV-negative human Burkitt lymphoma B-cell line from an 8-year-old boy, established at IARC Lyon, carrying t(8;14) MYC translocation and TP53 Arg248Gln, widely used in lymphoma research.
Black Death
Black Death: the 1346–1353 bubonic plague pandemic caused by Yersinia pestis, deadliest in recorded history, killing up to half of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa; origin traced by ancient DNA to Kyrgyzstan (Kara-Djigach), distinct from later second-pandemic waves and modern plague.
Black Death in medieval culture
Black Death in medieval culture: the 1347-1351 plague's cultural impact, roughly 50% English mortality, flagellants, persecution of Jews, Dance of Death art, plague-boils imagery, labour laws, and higher post-plague wages.
Black eye
Black eye (periorbital hematoma, periorbital ecchymosis): bruising and swelling around the eye from face or head trauma, usually healing in days to 3 weeks; ice, acetaminophen, and checks for hyphema, orbital fracture, or skull fracture.
Black hair
Black hair, human hair with abundant eumelanin pigment, the darkest and most common hair color worldwide (over 90% brown or black); controlled polygenically, with MC1R the best-studied gene.
Black hairy tongue
Hypertrophy of tongue papillae (ICD-11 DA03.4), also called hairy tongue or black hairy tongue (lingua villosa nigra): benign elongation of filiform papillae from delayed desquamation, linked to smoking, antibiotics, and poor oral hygiene.
Black piedra
Black piedra (Trichomycosis nodosa) is a superficial fungal hair infection caused by Piedraia hortae, producing firm black nodules on scalp hair, mainly in tropical South America and Southeast Asia, treated by shaving or antifungals.
Black pudding
Black pudding, also called blood pudding, is a British and Irish blood sausage of animal blood, oats or barley, fat, and spices, eaten fried in full breakfasts; related to boudin noir, morcilla, and blutwurst, with Stornoway holding protected status.
Black salve
Black salve, also called Cansema or drawing salve, is an unregulated escharotic paste of bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis) and zinc chloride promoted as a skin cancer cure. Regulators find no evidence of benefit and document necrosis, disfigurement, and deaths from delayed care.
Black tar heroin
Black tar heroin (BTH, Chiva, Negra) is a crude, dark, sticky Mexican heroin dominating western US markets; less refined than powder heroin, requiring heated preparation, and linked to wound botulism, soft tissue infections, and lower HIV prevalence.
Blackwater fever
Blackwater fever is a severe syndrome in malaria patients, usually after antimalarial treatment like quinine, causing massive red cell destruction, dark urine, anemia, and kidney failure.
Bladder
Bladder (urinary bladder): hollow pelvic muscular organ storing 300-500 mL of urine in humans; detrusor wall, urothelium lining, trigone base; sympathetic storage, parasympathetic voiding; disorders include incontinence and urothelial cancer.
Bladder augmentation
Bladder augmentation, also known as augmentation cystoplasty or enterocystoplasty, is a urologic operation that enlarges the bladder with a detubularized intestinal patch, usually ileum, to create a low-pressure reservoir.
Bladder cancer
Bladder cancer, usually urothelial carcinoma, is uncontrolled cell growth in the bladder lining. Key facts: hematuria as main symptom, smoking as leading risk factor, NMIBC versus MIBC, 635,000 global cases in 2024, and recent FDA immunotherapy approvals.
Bladder irrigation
Bladder irrigation is a urological procedure that flushes the urinary bladder with sterile fluid, usually through a catheter, to clear blood clots and debris, keep the catheter draining, and deliver medication.
Bladder pain
Bladder pain: suprapubic pain, pressure, or discomfort related to the bladder, usually worse with filling; core of bladder pain syndrome (interstitial cystitis), a diagnosis of exclusion treated stepwise.
Blade Implantation
Blade implantation, or the blade-vent implant, is an endosseous dental implant with a narrow wedge-shaped vented body, devised by Leonard Linkow in the 1960s and the most widely used implant design until the 1980s.
Blake pouch cyst
Blake pouch cyst (Blake's pouch cyst, BPC), a usually benign posterior fossa cystic malformation from failure of the fourth ventricular tela choroidea to regress; intact rotated vermis, favorable outcome, part of the Dandy–Walker spectrum.
Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt
Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt (modified BTT shunt, mBTS): palliative systemic-to-pulmonary artery connection for cyanotic congenital heart disease, first performed by Blalock, Thomas, and Taussig at Johns Hopkins on November 29, 1944; modern form uses a PTFE graft.
Bland diet
The bland diet, also known as the soft diet, is a therapeutic eating plan of soft, easily digestible, low-fiber, nonspicy foods prescribed for ulcers, heartburn, and nausea.
Bland embolization
Bland embolization, also called transarterial embolization (TAE), is an interventional radiology procedure that blocks a tumor's blood supply with inert particles, without added chemotherapy or radiation.