25,729 articles
Acromion
The acromion is the bony projection of the scapular spine that arches over the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle. Covers its ossification, Bigliani shape types, dimensions, os acromiale, and impingement relevance.
Acromioplasty
Acromioplasty is a shoulder operation, usually arthroscopic, that removes the anterolateral acromion and coracoacromial ligament attachment to widen the rotator cuff's passage, though placebo-controlled trials show little benefit over exercise.
Acroosteolysis-keloid-like lesions-premature aging syndrome
Acroosteolysis-keloid-like lesions-premature aging syndrome, or Penttinen syndrome (OMIM 601812), is an ultra-rare autosomal dominant progeroid disorder caused by de novo activating PDGFRB variants, chiefly p.Val665Ala, with acroosteolysis, keloid-like lesions, and prematurely aged appearance.
Acroparaesthesia
Acroparaesthesia (acroparesthesia) is tingling, numbness, or burning in the hands and feet, especially fingers and toes. A symptom rather than a disease, most often caused by carpal tunnel syndrome; named in 1890, historically linked to Schultze.
Acropectoral syndrome
Acropectoral syndrome (ACRPS, Dundar acropectoral syndrome, ORPHA85203, OMIM 605967) is a rare autosomal dominant malformation syndrome with syndactyly of all fingers and toes, preaxial polydactyly, and upper sternum malformations, mapped to chromosome 7q36.
Acropectorovertebral dysplasia
Acropectorovertebral dysplasia, or F syndrome (OMIM 102510), a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia mapped to 2q36, with carpal and tarsal synostoses, thumb-index syndactyly, foot polydactyly, and sternal and lumbosacral spine defects.
Acrophobia
Acrophobia, fear of heights, is a specific phobia (ICD-10, DSM-V) with 3.1–6.4% lifetime prevalence, part of a spectrum including visual height intolerance (28% of adults), treated mainly with behavioral and VR exposure therapy.
Acrorenal syndrome
Acrorenal syndrome (Curran syndrome, ORPHA:971) is a rare spectrum of congenital disorders combining distal limb anomalies, usually bilateral cleft hands or feet, with renal defects such as agenesis; autosomal recessive inheritance is suspected, and a 2004 study of 197 cases concluded the term should be avoided.
Acta anaesthesiologica scandinavica
Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, official journal of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, founded 1957, Wiley-published, ten issues yearly, covering anaesthesiology, intensive care, pain, and emergency medicine.
Acta haematologica
Acta Haematologica (Acta Haematol), a peer-reviewed hematology journal founded 1948 in Basel by Meulengracht, Rohr, and Rosenow, published by Karger; ISSNs 0001-5792 and 1421-9662; distinct from the Italian journal Haematologica.
Acta neuropathologica
Acta neuropathologica (Acta Neuropathol) is a Springer peer-reviewed neuropathology journal founded in 1961 in Berlin, ISSN 0001-6322, organ of the World Federation of Neurology's neuropathology commissions, hybrid model, 2025 impact factor 10.3, with open-access sister journal Acta Neuropathologica Communications (2013).
Acta oto laryngologica
Acta Oto-Laryngologica, a peer-reviewed otolaryngology (ENT) and head and neck surgery journal founded in Sweden in 1918 by Gunnar Holmgren, official journal of CEORL-HNS, published by Taylor & Francis.
Actavis
Actavis: Icelandic generics maker founded 1956 as Pharmaco, bought by Watson Pharmaceuticals in 2012 for $5.5 billion and adopted as the merged company's name; after Warner Chilcott, Forest, and Allergan acquisitions it renamed itself Allergan plc in 2015 and sold Actavis Generics to Teva for $40.5 billion.
ACTH stimulation test
ACTH stimulation test (cosyntropin or short Synacthen test): dynamic endocrine test giving synthetic ACTH and measuring cortisol at 30/60 minutes; gold standard for primary adrenal insufficiency, limited sensitivity for secondary; peak cutoff 18 μg/dL, assay dependent.
ACTIBATE trial
ACTIBATE (Activating Brown Adipose Tissue Through Exercise), NCT02365129, a University of Granada randomized controlled trial in 145 young sedentary adults testing 24 weeks of moderate or vigorous endurance-plus-resistance training; it found no change in brown adipose tissue volume or activity but improved fitness and reduced adiposity.
Actigraphy
Actigraphy is a sleep medicine method using a wrist-worn accelerometer to record movement over 7 to 14 days and estimate total sleep time and sleep efficiency.
Actinic elastosis
Actinic elastosis (solar elastosis, elastosis senilis, ICD-10 L57.4) is yellow, thickened, wrinkled sun-damaged skin from abnormal dermal elastin accumulation due to cumulative UV exposure, managed by sun protection and smoking cessation.
Actinic keratosis
Actinic keratosis (solar keratosis) is a UV-induced precancerous, scaly skin lesion on sun-exposed skin, classified by many as SCC in situ, with 0.025-16% yearly progression risk to squamous cell carcinoma and treatments including cryosurgery, 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, and photodynamic therapy.
Actinic lentigo
Actinic lentigo (solar lentigo, lentigo senilis, liver spots): benign hyperpigmented macule on sun-exposed skin of elderly people, appearing after the fifth decade, not fading in winter, treated mainly with laser therapy.
Actinic lichen planus
Actinic lichen planus (lichen planus actinicus, lichen planus subtropicus) is a rare photosensitive variant of lichen planus causing annular or hyperpigmented plaques on sun-exposed skin, mainly in young adults with darker skin.
Actinic prurigo
Actinic prurigo, also called Hutchinson's summer prurigo or hereditary polymorphous light eruption of American Indians, is a rare chronic photodermatosis causing intensely itchy papules on sun-exposed skin, cheilitis, conjunctivitis, and strong HLA-DRB1*0407 association.
Actinomycetoma
Actinomycetoma, the bacterial form of mycetoma, is a neglected tropical disease caused by Nocardia, Actinomadura, and Streptomyces species that form tissue grains; Nocardia brasiliensis causes about 41% of cases.
Actinomycosis
Actinomycosis, also called lumpy jaw syndrome, is a chronic granulomatous infection by anaerobic Gram-positive Actinomyces bacteria, mainly cervicofacial (40-60%), marked by sulfur granules, sinus tracts, mimicry of malignancy, and prolonged penicillin therapy.
Action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome
Action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome (AMRF, EPM4, OMIM 254900) is a rare autosomal recessive progressive myoclonic epilepsy with proteinuria and kidney failure, caused by biallelic SCARB2/LIMP-2 loss-of-function mutations, onset in teens or twenties, death within 7-15 years.
Activated charcoal (medication)
Activated charcoal (medication): oral carbon adsorbent for acute poisoning, surface area 800–1,200 m²/g, given within 1 hour at 0.5 g/kg; poorly binds lithium, iron, and alcohol.
Activated PI3K-delta syndrome 1
Activated PI3K-delta syndrome 1 (APDS1, PASLI-CD): autosomal dominant primary immunodeficiency from gain-of-function PIK3CD variants (85% E1021K), causing recurrent infections, lymphoproliferation, autoimmunity, lymphoma risk; treated with leniolisib.
Activated PI3K-delta syndrome 2
Activated PI3K-delta syndrome 2 (APDS2, PASLI-R1) is a rare autosomal dominant primary immunodeficiency caused by loss-of-function PIK3R1 variants activating PI3Kδ, causing infections, lymphoproliferation, short stature, and lymphoma risk, treated with leniolisib.
Activation mapping
Activation mapping is a cardiac electrophysiology technique that records local activation times at many heart sites, displaying them as a 3D color-coded map to guide ablation.
Active immunization
Active immunization is the administration of a vaccine or antigen to stimulate the recipient's own immune system to produce long-lasting protection against a disease, unlike temporary passive immunization.
Active immunotherapy
Active immunotherapy is a cancer treatment that stimulates the patient's own immune system to recognize and kill tumor cells, through cancer vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, and oncolytic viruses.