25,729 articles
Hereditary pancreatitis
Hereditary chronic pancreatitis is an autosomal dominant pancreatitis, usually from gain-of-function PRSS1 (cationic trypsinogen) mutations such as R122H, first described in 1952, causing childhood-onset recurrent pancreatitis, pancreatic insufficiency, and elevated pancreatic cancer risk.
Hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma
Hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma (HPRC, hereditary papillary renal carcinoma) is a rare autosomal dominant MET-gene kidney cancer syndrome causing bilateral, multifocal, slow-growing papillary RCC with near-100% penetrance, onset around age 41, and no extrarenal manifestations.
Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin-intellectual disability syndrome
Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin-intellectual disability syndrome, or Dias-Logan syndrome (OMIM 617101), a rare autosomal dominant BCL11A disorder with intellectual disability, developmental delay, microcephaly, and asymptomatic fetal hemoglobin persistence.
Hereditary pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma
Hereditary pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma (hereditary PGL/PCC syndrome, familial paraganglioma syndrome): autosomal dominant SDHx, VHL, RET, MAX, TMEM127-related predisposition to catecholamine-secreting tumors, with ~40% germline variant rate and SDHB metastatic risk.
Hereditary progressive cardiac conduction defect
Hereditary progressive cardiac conduction defect (ORPHA:871), also called PCCD, progressive familial heart block, or Lenègre–Lev disease, is an autosomal dominant cardiac conduction disorder, mainly from SCN5A and TRPM4 mutations, progressing to complete AV block and treated with pacemakers.
Hereditary progressive mucinous histiocytosis
Hereditary progressive mucinous histiocytosis (HPMH) is a rare, harmless non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis that begins in childhood or adolescence, producing slowly enlarging, symptomless skin-colored papules on the face and limbs.
Hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (hPAP, congenital PAP) is a rare genetic interstitial lung disease from CSF2RA or CSF2RB mutations disrupting GM-CSF receptor signaling, causing alveolar surfactant buildup; GM-CSF autoantibody negative, treated by whole lung lavage.
Hereditary renal hypouricemia
Hereditary renal hypouricemia, also called familial renal hypouricemia, is an inherited kidney disorder in which defective urate reabsorption causes abnormally low blood uric acid levels.
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy due to TECPR2 mutation
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy due to TECPR2 mutation (HSAN9) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive disorder causing developmental delay, intellectual disability, and a progressive sensory and autonomic neuropathy.
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1) is a rare inherited disorder causing loss of sensation, skin ulcers, and pain, usually beginning in adulthood.
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 2
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 2 (HSAN2), also called congenital sensory neuropathy, is a rare inherited neuropathy causing loss of pain, temperature, and touch sensation from infancy.
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 5
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 5 (HSAN5) is a rare inherited neuropathy present from birth, causing loss of pain and temperature sensation while intellect stays normal.
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 6
HSAN6 (HSAN VI, OMIM 614653) is a rare autosomal recessive sensory and autonomic neuropathy caused by DST (dystonin) mutations, with pain insensitivity, painless fractures, ulcers, and dysautonomia; severity ranges from lethal infancy to adult-onset forms. Distinct from the PRDM12 disorder some papers also call HSAN6.
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 8
HSAN8 (HSAN type VIII, PRDM12-related congenital insensitivity to pain, OMIM 616488) is an autosomal recessive, neonatal-onset disorder causing congenital pain and temperature insensitivity, corneal scarring, reduced sweating, and self-mutilating injuries with preserved touch and intellect.
Hereditary sensory neuropathy-deafness-dementia syndrome
Hereditary sensory neuropathy-deafness-dementia syndrome (HSAN1E, OMIM 614116) is a rare autosomal dominant DNMT1 mutation disorder causing sensorineural hearing loss, sensory neuropathy, and dementia from adolescence or adulthood, fatal in the fifth to sixth decade.
Hereditary sick sinus syndrome
Hereditary sick sinus syndrome: inherited sinus node dysfunction from SCN5A, HCN4, LMNA variants; autosomal dominant or recessive; 2.9-fold familial pacemaker risk; testing yield under 25%.
Hereditary sideroblastic anaemias
Hereditary sideroblastic anaemias (XLSA, SLC25A38 CSA) are inherited anemias with ring sideroblasts from mitochondrial iron loading, ALAS2 mutations most common, pyridoxine-responsive in two-thirds, with systemic iron overload.
Hereditary spastic paraplegia
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), or Strümpell-Lorrain syndrome, is a group of inherited disorders causing progressive leg spasticity and weakness from corticospinal tract degeneration; over 80 genes, SPG4 most common, pure form in about 90%.
Hereditary spherocytosis
Hereditary spherocytosis (Minkowski-Chauffard disease), the most common red cell membrane disorder, an inherited hemolytic anemia from ankyrin, band 3, or spectrin defects causing splenic destruction of spherocytes; splenectomy treats severe cases.
Hereditary steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome
Hereditary steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, also called genetic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, is a rare inherited kidney disease that fails to respond to corticosteroids and is caused by variants in genes maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier.
Hereditary thrombocytopenia
Hereditary (inherited) thrombocytopenia: germline genetic disorders causing platelet counts below 150 × 10⁹/L, over 40 implicated genes, forms such as MYH9-related disease, Bernard-Soulier syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and ANKRD26-related thrombocytopenia, often misdiagnosed as immune thrombocytopenia.
Hereditary thrombophilia
Hereditary thrombophilia: inherited clotting defects (antithrombin, protein C, protein S deficiency; factor V Leiden; prothrombin G20210A) raising venous thromboembolism risk; testing recommended only in selective clinical scenarios.
Hereditary xanthinuria
Hereditary xanthinuria (classic xanthinuria, xanthine stone disease, ORPHA:3467) is a rare autosomal recessive purine metabolism disorder caused by XDH or MOCOS mutations, causing hypouricemia, high urinary xanthine, and xanthine kidney stones in about half of patients.
HERG
HERG (hERG, KCNH2, Kv11.1) is the cardiac potassium channel carrying I_Kr; its block causes QTc prolongation and Torsade de Pointes, making the hERG assay central to drug cardiac safety testing, with about 5X assay variability across laboratories.
Heritability of autism
Heritability of autism: the share of autism risk variance attributable to genetic factors, estimated at roughly 80% via twin, family, and SNP-based studies, with common variation explaining most risk.
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), a rare autosomal recessive disorder of lysosome-related organelles, causing oculocutaneous albinism, platelet-based bleeding diathesis, and in some subtypes pulmonary fibrosis, colitis, immunodeficiency.
Herminia Palacio
Herminia Palacio is an American physician and public health leader who led the Guttmacher Institute and was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2023.
Hernia
Hernia, especially the inguinal (groin) hernia, is a protrusion of abdominal contents through a wall defect. Affects 27% of men, 3% of women; treated by open or laparoscopic mesh repair or watchful waiting.
Hernia mesh repair
Hernia mesh repair is a surgical technique that reinforces abdominal wall hernia closure with synthetic or biologic mesh, allowing tension-free repair that roughly halves recurrence versus suture repair and is standard for inguinal hernias.
Hernioplasty
Hernioplasty is the surgical repair of a hernia, usually inguinal, in which the abdominal wall defect is reinforced with prosthetic mesh rather than sutured tissue.