25,729 articles
Ketoprofen
Ketoprofen (C16H14O3) is a propionic acid derivative NSAID inhibiting COX-1/COX-2, synthesized by Rhône-Poulenc in 1967 and marketed since 1973; US approval 1986 (Orudis), OTC 12.5 mg tablets 1995, with topical photoallergy risk and veterinary use (KetoMed).
Ketorolac
Ketorolac (Toradol) is a potent non-selective COX-inhibiting NSAID given orally, IV, IM, intranasally, or as eye drops for short-term (up to 5 days) moderate-to-severe acute pain, with opioid-sparing effects but the highest GI bleeding risk among NSAIDs.
Ketotifen
Ketotifen (Zaditen, Zaditor, Totifen) is a sedating first-generation H1-antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer developed by Sandoz in 1970, used orally for asthma prophylaxis and allergy and as 0.025% eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis; not first-line asthma therapy per guidelines.
KETProject trial
KETProject (KETAMIM, NCT04234776) was a University of São Paulo Phase 4 quadruple-blind trial of intramuscular ketamine 0.75 mg/kg versus escitalopram plus aripiprazole in treatment-resistant depression, reporting comparable efficacy and no serious events.
Kettlebell
Kettlebell (girya, гиря): cannonball-shaped cast iron or steel weight with a top handle used for strength, conditioning, and the sport of kettlebell lifting; girya first recorded in a 1704 Russian dictionary, sport founded 1948.
Keutel syndrome
Keutel syndrome (KTLS, OMIM 245150) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by MGP gene mutations, featuring cartilage calcification, brachytelephalangism, peripheral pulmonary artery stenoses, hearing loss, and facial dysmorphism.
Keverprazan hydrochloride
Keverprazan hydrochloride (盐酸凯普拉生, H008, brand Beiwen) is a Chinese class 1 potassium-competitive acid blocker by Carephar, NMPA-approved in 2023 for duodenal ulcer, reflux esophagitis, and H. pylori eradication.
Kevin Hines
Kevin Hines, American suicide prevention advocate who survived jumping from the Golden Gate Bridge on September 25, 2000, at 19 with bipolar disorder; author of Cracked Not Broken, director of Suicide: The Ripple Effect, and campaigner behind the bridge's 2024 safety net.
Kevin Plank
Kevin Plank, founder, CEO, and controlling stockholder of Under Armour (founded 1996, moisture-wicking compression shirts), also leads Sagamore Ventures and Baltimore's Port Covington redevelopment; returned as CEO April 1, 2024.
Kevin Trudeau
Kevin Trudeau, American infomercial marketer and author of Natural Cures and The Weight Loss Cure, repeatedly sanctioned by the FTC, fined $37 million, and sentenced in 2014 to 10 years in prison for criminal contempt; released in 2022.
KEYNOTE B36 trial
KEYNOTE B36 (EF-36, NCT04892472): Novocure-sponsored phase 2 pilot trial of Tumor Treating Fields (150 kHz, NovoTTF-200T) plus pembrolizumab versus pembrolizumab alone as first-line treatment of PD-L1-positive advanced or metastatic NSCLC; amended to randomized design, later terminated.
KEYNOTE-001 trial
KEYNOTE-001 (NCT01295827) was pembrolizumab's first-in-human phase 1 trial in advanced solid tumors, melanoma, and NSCLC; its 1260-patient multi-cohort design supported the drug's first two FDA accelerated approvals and the 22C3 companion diagnostic.
Khadiradi gutika (afi afi-kadiradigutika)
Khadiradi Gutika (खदिरादि गुटिका), also Khadiradi Vati, is an Ayurvedic polyherbal pill based on Acacia catechu, listed in AFI Part I 12:6-12:7 and India's Essential Drug List for mouth, teeth, and throat diseases, sucked twice or thrice daily.
Khadirarista
Khadirarista (Khadirāriṣṭa, Khadirarishtam) is a classical Ayurvedic fermented liquid (arishta) built on Khadira (Acacia catechu), with honey, sugar, and Dhataki; contains 5–10% self-generated alcohol; traditionally used for skin diseases.
Kharkiv National Medical University
Kharkiv National Medical University (Харківський національний медичний університет, KhNMU), state medical university in Kharkiv, Ukraine, founded 1804 as Imperial Kharkiv University's medical faculty; renamed Kharkiv Medical Institute 1921, national university 2007; 8 faculties, 70 departments.
KHB study
KHB (KIDSHEART AND BRAIN, NCT05658965) is a recruiting single-center observational cohort at University Hospital, Lille, enrolling 50 infants under 1 year undergoing congenital heart surgery on extracorporeal circulation, testing whether pre- and postoperative EEG predicts neurodevelopmental disorders at 24 months.
Khorana score
The Khorana score is a five-variable risk-prediction model estimating the risk of venous thromboembolism in ambulatory cancer patients starting chemotherapy, introduced by Alok Khorana and colleagues in 2008 and endorsed by major guidelines.
Khyber Teaching Hospital
Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH) is a public tertiary care teaching hospital in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and the teaching hospital of Khyber Medical College, inaugurated in 1977.
Ki-67 immunostaining
Ki-67 immunostaining is a pathology method that measures the fraction of tumor cells in the active cell cycle, reported as a labeling index for grading and prognosis.
KIAA1109-related early lethal congenital brain malformations-arthrogryposis syndrome
KIAA1109-related early lethal congenital brain malformations-arthrogryposis syndrome, also called Alkuraya-Kučinskas syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by KIAA1109 gene variants and combining severe brain malformations with arthrogryposis.
KID syndrome
KID syndrome (keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, KID/HID), a rare congenital ectodermal disorder from GJB2 connexin 26 mutations, causing vascularizing keratitis, hyperkeratotic skin lesions, and profound sensorineural hearing loss.
Kidney
Kidney: paired fist-sized organs filtering about 150 quarts of blood daily via roughly a million nephrons each; regulate blood pressure, red cells, and minerals; CKD affects over 1 in 7 US adults.
Kidney cancer
Kidney cancer, chiefly renal cell carcinoma (RCC), also transitional cell cancer and Wilms tumor; arises in kidney tubule lining; about 75% five-year survival; treated mainly by nephrectomy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
Kidney development
Kidney development (nephrogenesis): formation of the mammalian kidney via pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros, driven by ureteric bud–metanephric mesenchyme GDNF–RET signaling, from week 4 to 32–36 weeks, underlying CAKUT and organoid models.
Kidney dialysis
Kidney dialysis filters waste, fluid, and minerals from blood when kidneys fail; hemodialysis uses an external machine and dialyzer, peritoneal dialysis uses the abdominal lining. Kolff built the first artificial kidney in 1942; Scribner's 1960 shunt enabled long-term treatment; HD and PD show equivalent survival.
Kidney disease
Kidney disease, chiefly chronic kidney disease (CKD), is kidney damage impairing blood filtration. Over 35 million U.S. adults have it; diagnosed via GFR and urine albumin; treated with dialysis or transplant at kidney failure.
Kidney failure
Chronic kidney disease, stage 5 (GB61.5, kidney failure, ESRD): GFR below 15 ml/min/1.73 m² for over 3 months; treated by hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, transplant, or conservative management.
Kidney Function Tests
Kidney function tests (renal function tests) are blood and urine laboratory tests, including serum creatinine, cystatin C, eGFR, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, that evaluate how well the kidneys filter waste.
Kidney stone disease
Kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis): solid mineral deposits forming in the kidneys, lifetime prevalence about 14%. Diagnosed by low-dose non-contrast CT or ultrasound; treated with NSAIDs, lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, or PCNL.
Kidney transplantation
Kidney transplantation: surgical treatment for kidney failure using a living or deceased donor kidney. First successful 1954 Boston twin transplant by Joseph Murray; ~90,000 on US waitlist; superior survival to dialysis; first pig kidney 2024.