25,729 articles
Recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor (topical)
Topical recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor (rh-aFGF, FGF1, 艾夫吉夫) is a Chinese-approved wound-healing spray (100 U/cm² twice daily, 2–8°C storage) for deep second-degree burns, chronic ulcers, and diabetic foot ulcers.
Recombinant human endostatin
Recombinant human endostatin (Endostar, 恩度, YH-16) is a soluble, N-terminally modified endostatin approved in China in 2005 for non-small cell lung cancer, unlike the insoluble wild-type endostatin whose US trials ended early.
Recombinant human epidermal growth factor derivative (topical)
Recombinant human epidermal growth factor derivative (重组人表皮生长因子衍生物), topical rhEGF with three extra N-terminal residues made by Shenzhen Watsin as Jinyinti (金因肽), a Chinese class-I biologic approved 2001 for burns, ulcers, and wound repair.
Recombinant human interferon alfa-1b
Recombinant human interferon alfa-1b (重组人干扰素α1b), China's first gene-engineering Class I new drug, cloned by Hou Yunde in 1982; brands SinoGene and Yundesu; used for viral hepatitis, pneumonia, and pediatric viral infections.
Recombinant human prourokinase
Recombinant human prourokinase (rhPro-UK, 普佑克/Puyouke) is a CHO-cell-expressed fibrinolytic drug by Tasly, approved in China in 2011 for STEMI thrombolysis and the only marketed recombinant prourokinase product in China, with stroke and pulmonary embolism trials.
Recombinant human thrombopoietin
Recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO, TPIAO, 特比澳), a thrombopoiesis-stimulating biologic by 3SBio; approved in China in 2005, the world's only commercialized rhTPO, treating ITP and chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia.
Recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (Zelgen)
Recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) is an injectable drug that raises TSH in thyroid cancer patients so radioiodine scans and thyroglobulin testing work without stopping thyroid hormone pills.
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein (EC; ESAT6-CFP10 skin test)
Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein (EC), also called ESAT6-CFP10 skin test or 宜卡 (Yika), is a China-approved intradermal tuberculosis-infection test using BCG-absent ESAT-6/CFP-10 antigens, read at 48–72 hours.
Recommended Dietary Allowances
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are U.S. nutrient intake standards, first issued in 1941 by the Food and Nutrition Board, set at EAR plus two standard deviations to cover 97–98% of healthy people, now within the DRI framework.
RECORDII trial
RECORDII, a randomized multicenter trial led by Josep Rodés-Cabau at University Laval, tests whether routine 14-day ambulatory ECG monitoring after TAVI lowers sudden death, arrhythmic events, and stroke.
Recovery coaching
Recovery coaching is a non-clinical support method in which a trained peer, typically in remission from substance use disorder, helps individuals access care and pursue recovery goals.
Recovery of Function
Recovery of function (MeSH D020127) is the partial or complete return of normal physiologic activity after disease or trauma, distinguished from compensation, driven by neuroplasticity, and pursued mainly through stroke rehabilitation with a 2-3 month intensive-therapy window.
Recovery position
Recovery position: side-lying first aid posture (lateral recumbent, HAINES variant) for unresponsive but breathing people to keep the airway open and prevent aspiration; ILCOR weakly recommends it, evidence is observational only.
Recovery Room
Recovery room, or post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), a hospital unit where patients recover from anesthesia after surgery; first documented 1942 at St. Mary's Hospital, Rochester, MN, with roots to 1801 Newcastle Infirmary.
Recovery trial (NCT06366685)
Recovery trial (NCT06366685), full name Development and Initial Application of a Combined Exercise and Psychological Intervention Program for Patients After Esophagectomy, is a four-arm randomized behavioral trial at Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China, testing exercise, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and combined care in 60 post-esophagectomy patients, distinct from the UK COVID-19 RECOVERY trial.
Recreation Therapy
Recreation therapy (therapeutic recreation, recreational therapy) is a health discipline using activity-based interventions to restore functioning and independence. Key facts: post-WWII origins, CTRS credential from NCTRC (1981), ATRA founded 1984, VA practice, growing outcome evidence.
Recreational drug use
Recreational drug use, also called non-medical or illicit drug use, is consuming psychoactive substances for pleasure rather than medicine. About 331 million people used drugs in 2024; cannabis leads with 256 million users.
Recreational use of dextromethorphan
Recreational use of dextromethorphan, also called robotripping or DXM abuse, is taking supra-therapeutic doses of the OTC cough suppressant dextromethorphan for NMDA-mediated dissociative and hallucinatory effects, concentrated among adolescents and marked by a 2006 US poison-report peak.
Recreational use of nitrous oxide
Recreational nitrous oxide (laughing gas, whippets, N2O) inhalation from 8 g chargers or large canisters: euphoric, dissociative effects lasting 1–5 minutes, B12-inactivation neurological harm, young-adult prevalence, UK Class C ban from November 2023, and European restrictions.
Rectal administration
Rectal administration delivers drugs into the rectum via suppositories, enemas, and gels for local or systemic effect, partially bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism; used when oral dosing fails, with variable bioavailability and acceptability limits.
Rectal Anesthesia
Rectal anesthesia: instillation of anesthetic or sedative drugs into the rectum, historically rectal ether (Roux 1847, Sutton 1910) and today mainly pediatric sedation with midazolam, diazepam, ketamine, or thiopental.
Rectal arterial supply and portocaval anastomosis
The rectum is supplied by three arteries, the superior, middle, and inferior rectal arteries, whose veins link the portal and systemic systems in a portocaval anastomosis.
Rectal biopsy
A rectal biopsy is a diagnostic procedure removing a small sample of rectal mucosa for histological examination, chiefly to diagnose or exclude Hirschsprung disease, first reported in 1955.
Rectal cellulitis
Rectal cellulitis (ICD-11 DB36.12) is bacterial soft-tissue infection around the rectum, also called perianal or perirectal cellulitis; classically group A streptococcal, it also denotes spreading infection complicating anorectal abscess.
Rectal discharge
Rectal discharge (anal discharge) is any non-fecal substance, usually mucus, pus, or blood, passing from the rectum. Main causes are proctitis from STIs or IBD, hemorrhoids, radiation, and diversion; CDC regimen is ceftriaxone plus doxycycline.
Rectal douching
Rectal douching: rinsing the rectum with water or saline before or after receptive anal intercourse, common among MSM (up to 88% ever); associated with increased odds of HIV and other STIs via mucosal injury and gut dysbiosis.
Rectal examination
Rectal examination (digital rectal exam, DRE): gloved-finger palpation of the rectum, anal tone, and prostate. Historic prostate cancer screening test, now largely replaced by PSA and MRI for screening but retained for staging and neurologic assessment.
Rectal foreign body
Rectal foreign body (RFB, retained anorectal foreign body): an object stuck in the rectum, usually self-inserted, requiring medical removal. Managed stepwise: transanal extraction, TAMIS or endoscopy, then milking or enterotomy; laparotomy in 8–10% of cases.
Rectal microbicide
Rectal microbicide: topical HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis applied in the rectum before receptive anal intercourse, also called rectal PrEP. Tenofovir gels and douches are in phase 1-2 trials; none is approved.
Rectal prolapse
Rectal prolapse: the rectum descends through the anus (complete or partial), mainly affecting older women, with constipation and incontinence; treated surgically by abdominal or perineal approaches, with 6-27% reported recurrence.