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Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 17
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 17 (SPG17), also called Silver syndrome, is a rare hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by BSCL2 mutations, marked by leg spasticity and wasting of the hand muscles.
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 19
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 19 (SPG19, OMIM 607152) is a rare pure hereditary spastic paraplegia mapped to 9q33-q34 in one Italian family; adult onset 36-55 years, mild disability, urinary urgency, gene not identified.
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 29
SPG29 (autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia 29, OMIM 609727) is a rare complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia mapped to 1p31.1-p21.1, described in one Scottish family with adolescent-onset spastic paraplegia, sensorineural hearing loss, vomiting, and urinary urgency; no causative gene is confirmed.
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 3
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 3 (SPG3A, ATL1-HSP) is an early-onset hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by ATL1 variants encoding atlastin-1, with pure lower-limb spasticity, onset averaging age 4, and about 5% of AD HSP cases.
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 31
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 31 (SPG31, hereditary spastic paraplegia 31) is a rare AD neurodegenerative disorder caused by REEP1 variants on chromosome 2p12, causing pure lower-limb spasticity with bimodal childhood or adult onset.
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 4
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4, SPAST-HSP), the most common hereditary spastic paraplegia, caused by SPAST mutations encoding spastin; progressive leg spasticity, adult onset, ~40% of AD-HSP.
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 6
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 6 (SPG6, OMIM 600363) is a rare hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by NIPA1 variants at 15q11.2, typically pure HSP with onset 12-35 years, aggressive course, and complex cases with epilepsy in 23%.
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 73
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 73 (SPG73) is a rare hereditary neurological disorder caused by mutations in the CPT1C gene, first reported in 2015 in a Pakistani family.
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 8
SPG8 (OMIM 603563) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by KIAA0196/strumpellin mutations, with adult-onset progressive leg spasticity, urinary urgency, and frequent wheelchair dependence.
Autosomal dominant spondylocostal dysostosis
Autosomal dominant spondylocostal dysostosis (SCDO5, OMIM 122600) is a rare, mild congenital disorder of vertebral and rib segmentation caused by heterozygous TBX6 mutations, inherited dominantly with a 50 percent transmission risk.
Autosomal dominant striatal neurodegeneration
Autosomal dominant striatal neurodegeneration (ADSD, OMIM 609161) is an ultra-rare adult-onset movement disorder from PDE8B mutations, causing bradykinesia, dysarthria, rigidity, and pathognomonic symmetric striatal MRI lesions, without tremor or levodopa response.
Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease
ADTKD (autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease), formerly medullary cystic kidney disease and familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy, is a group of rare inherited kidney disorders caused by UMOD, MUC1, REN, HNF1B, and other gene variants, causing progressive CKD with bland urine; diagnosed by genetic testing, no approved treatment.
Autosomal dominant vitreoretinochoroidopathy
Autosomal dominant vitreoretinochoroidopathy (ADVIRC) is a rare inherited eye disorder caused by mutations in the BEST1 gene, marked by a circular band of pigmentation in the peripheral retina.
Autosomal recessive ataxia due to ubiquinone deficiency
Autosomal recessive ataxia due to ubiquinone deficiency (ARCA2, SCAR9, COQ8A-ataxia, COQ10D4): childhood-onset progressive cerebellar ataxia with atrophy from biallelic COQ8A/ADCK3 mutations causing CoQ10 deficiency; treatable with CoQ10 supplementation.
Autosomal recessive ataxia, Beauce type
Autosomal recessive ataxia, Beauce type (ARCA1, SCAR8, SYNE1 ataxia) is a rare autosomal recessive pure cerebellar ataxia with dysarthria caused by SYNE1 mutations, first described in 53 affected members of 26 French-Canadian families from Quebec.
Autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia
Autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia (ARAN-NM, NMAN, Gamstorp-Wohlfart syndrome) is a rare HINT1-related childhood-onset motor neuropathy with neuromyotonia, EMG discharges, and possible carbamazepine response.
Autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy
Autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy (ARB) is a rare inherited retinal disease caused by mutations in both copies of the BEST1 gene, with central vision loss and yellow subretinal deposits.
Autosomal recessive brachyolmia
Autosomal recessive brachyolmia, or Hobaek/Toledo type brachyolmia, is a rare PAPSS2-related skeletal dysplasia causing short-trunked short stature, platyspondyly, and scoliosis, with about 20 reported cases.
Autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy
Autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy (AR-CNM, ORPHA:169186, OMIM 255200) is a rare congenital myopathy with central nuclei on muscle biopsy, caused by biallelic BIN1, RYR1, SPEG, or TTN mutations, with proximal weakness, ptosis, and ophthalmoplegia.
Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia due to STUB1 deficiency
SCAR16 (ATX-STUB1), autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia due to STUB1 deficiency: biallelic STUB1 variants disabling the CHIP co-chaperone/E3 ligase cause progressive ataxia, cognitive impairment, spasticity, and hypogonadism; ORPHA:412057, OMIM 615768.
Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia-epilepsy-intellectual disability syndrome due to RUBCN deficiency
SCAR15, or Salih ataxia (ORPHA:404499, OMIM 615705), is an extremely rare autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia with epilepsy and intellectual disability caused by biallelic RUBCN variants, including an ancient Saudi founder frameshift mutation.
Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia-epilepsy-intellectual disability syndrome due to TUD deficiency
SCAR23, also called autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia-epilepsy-intellectual disability syndrome due to TUD deficiency, is a rare TDP2-gene (6p22.3) recessive disorder with early-onset generalized epilepsy, progressive ataxia, and intellectual disability, distinct from dominant SCA23.
Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia-epilepsy-intellectual disability syndrome due to WWOX deficiency
SCAR12, autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia-epilepsy-intellectual disability syndrome due to WWOX deficiency (OMIM 614322), a rare biallelic WWOX missense disorder with early-childhood ataxia, tonic-clonic epilepsy, and developmental delay; milder than WOREE syndrome.
Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia-movement disorder syndrome
Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia-movement disorder syndrome (SCAR4, SCASI, formerly SCA24; OMIM 607317) is an ultra-rare recessive ataxia from biallelic VPS13D mutations at 1p36, causing progressive ataxia, saccadic intrusions, pyramidal signs, and neuropathy. Distinct from dominant SCA4 (ZFHX3).
Autosomal recessive cerebelloparenchymal disorder type 3
Autosomal recessive cerebelloparenchymal disorder type 3 (SCAR2, ATX-PMPCA, OMIM 213200) is a rare recessive cerebellar ataxia caused by PMPCA mutations, with infantile or childhood onset, non- or slowly progressive ataxia, intellectual disability, and cerebellar atrophy.
Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 1
Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 1 (ARCL1, OMIM 219100) is a rare inherited connective tissue disorder with sagging inelastic skin, early emphysema, vascular anomalies, and diverticula; caused by FBLN5, EFEMP2, LTBP4, or EFEMP1 variants.
Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2A
Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2A (ARCL2A, ATP6V0A2-CDG) is a rare ATP6V0A2-related connective tissue disorder with wrinkled inelastic skin, growth and developmental delay, hypotonia, persistent open fontanelle, and glycosylation defect.
Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2B
Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2B (ARCL2B, OMIM 612940), also called cutis laxa with progeroid features, is a rare PYCR1-related mitochondrial proline synthesis disorder with wrinkled skin, progeroid face, growth and developmental delay.
Autosomal recessive dopa-responsive dystonia
Autosomal recessive dopa-responsive dystonia (DYT5b, TH-deficient DRD, recessive Segawa syndrome) is the mild form of tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency: biallelic TH gene variants causing childhood-onset, diurnally fluctuating dystonia that responds dramatically to levodopa.
Autosomal recessive epidermolytic ichthyosis
Autosomal recessive epidermolytic ichthyosis (AREI, ORPHA:512103, OMIM 620707) is a rare KRT10-related keratinopathic ichthyosis with congenital erythroderma, blistering, collodion-like presentation, and later hyperkeratosis without palmoplantar involvement.