25,729 articles
Valnivudine
Valnivudine (FV-100) is an investigational oral prodrug of the bicyclic nucleoside analogue CF-1743, a highly selective varicella-zoster virus inhibitor developed for shingles; its Phase II trial missed its primary endpoint and Phase III was discontinued, so it was never licensed.
Valnoctamide
Valnoctamide (VCD), CAS 4171-13-5, is a chiral valproic acid amide derivative with anticonvulsant activity, GABA_A modulation distinct from benzodiazepines, low teratogenicity, and mixed trial results in mania.
Valoctocogene roxaparvovec
Valoctocogene roxaparvovec (Roctavian) is BioMarin's AAV5-based one-time gene therapy for severe hemophilia A, approved in the EU in 2022 and by the FDA in June 2023, delivering hFVIII-SQ to the liver; withdrawn from the market in 2026.
Valproate
Valproate (valproic acid, sodium valproate, divalproex) is an anticonvulsant used for seizures, bipolar mania, and migraine prevention; discovered serendipitously in 1963, restricted for teratogenicity.
Valrubicin
Valrubicin (Valstar, AD 32) is a semisynthetic doxorubicin-analog anthracycline given intravesically at 800 mg weekly for six weeks for BCG-refractory bladder carcinoma in situ; FDA-approved September 25, 1998, withdrawn 2002, reintroduced 2009.
Valsalva maneuver
Valsalva maneuver: forced expiration against a closed airway, first described by Antonio Maria Valsalva in 1704 for clearing the middle ear; now used in autonomic testing, murmur diagnosis, SVT treatment, and ear clearing.
Valsartan
Valsartan (Diovan) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker approved in 1996 for hypertension, heart failure, and post-myocardial infarction care; also a component of sacubitril/valsartan (Entresto) and subject of 2018 nitrosamine impurity recalls.
Valspodar
Valspodar (Amdray, PSC 833, SDZ PSC 833) is a non-immunosuppressive cyclosporin analog developed by Sandoz/Novartis as a P-glycoprotein inhibitor to reverse multidrug resistance; development was terminated at Phase 3 due to CYP3A4 pharmacokinetic interactions.
Valve replacement surgery
Valve replacement surgery replaces a diseased heart valve, most often the aortic valve, with a mechanical or biological prosthesis; the first aortic replacement was reported in 1960.
Valve-sparing aortic root replacement
Valve-sparing aortic root replacement (VSRR) is a cardiac operation that replaces a dilated aortic root with a Dacron graft while preserving the patient's own aortic valve, avoiding a prosthetic one.
Valvotomy
Valvotomy is a surgical or catheter-based procedure that incises or dilates a narrowed heart valve to enlarge its orifice and restore blood flow, first-line treatment for severe rheumatic mitral stenosis.
Valvular heart disease
Valvular heart disease: stenosis or regurgitation of the heart valves. Also called heart valve disease. Affects ~41 million (rheumatic) to 24 million (mitral regurgitation) people; treated by SAVR, TAVR, TEER per 2025 ESC/EACTS guidelines.
Valvuloplasty
Valvuloplasty is a catheter-based or surgical procedure that widens a narrowed heart valve by splitting fused tissue, used mainly for rheumatic mitral stenosis and congenital pulmonary or aortic stenosis.
Vamikibart
Vamikibart (RG6179, RO7200220) is Roche and Chugai's intravitreal anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody for uveitic macular edema and diabetic macular edema; MEERKAT phase 3 met its endpoint, SANDCAT did not, and regulatory filings are underway in the US, Japan, and EU.
VaMIS study
VaMIS (Västmanland Myocardial Infarction Study), NCT01452178, is a Swedish observational cohort of 1008 acute myocardial infarction patients with matched controls, recruited 2005–2011 in Västerås, studying type D personality, peripheral artery disease, and long-term outcomes; distinct from the VAMIS robotic surgery trial.
Vamorolone
Vamorolone (Agamree, VBP15) is a dissociative corticosteroid approved in 2023 in the US and EU for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in patients 2 years and older, dosed 6 mg/kg daily, with fewer growth and bone side effects than prednisone or deflazacort.
VAMP regimen
VAMP regimen: pediatric chemotherapy combination. Modern VAMP (vincristine, Adriamycin, methotrexate, prednisone) treats low-risk childhood Hodgkin lymphoma with radiation; the 1960s VAMP (vincristine, amethopterin, 6-MP, prednisone) was a landmark ALL induction regimen.
Van den Ende-Gupta syndrome
Van den Ende-Gupta syndrome (VDEGS, Marden-Walker-like syndrome) is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by biallelic SCARF2 variants at 22q11.2, marked by blepharophimosis, arachnodactyly, and self-resolving congenital joint contractures.
Van der Woude syndrome
Van der Woude syndrome (VWS, lip-pit syndrome), autosomal dominant IRF6/GRHL3 disorder with lower-lip pits and cleft lip/palate; allelic to popliteal pterygium syndrome.
Vanadium deficiency
Vanadium deficiency (ICD-11 5B5K.B) is a proposed trace-element deficiency state; no deficiency disease or symptoms have been identified in humans, while deficiency signs are established experimentally in rats, goats, and chicks.
Vancomycin
Vancomycin: glycopeptide antibiotic from Amycolatopsis orientalis, discovered 1952, approved 1958; binds D-Ala-D-Ala to block cell wall synthesis; first-line for MRSA; 2020 guidelines target AUC/MIC 400–600 mg·h/L.
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), also called Vanderbilt Health, is an independent nonprofit academic medical center in Nashville, Tennessee, founded 1874, separated from Vanderbilt University in 2016, with six hospitals, 3.5 million annual patient visits, and top-5 NIH funding.
Vanessa Kerry
Vanessa Kerry, American critical care physician, co-founder and CEO of Seed Global Health, WHO's first Special Envoy for Climate Change and Health (2023) and Special Envoy for Health Resilience (2026), daughter of John Kerry.
Vaniprevir
Vaniprevir (MK-7009), Merck's macrocyclic HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor for genotype 1 hepatitis C; phase III Japan SVR24 83.7-84.5% vs 55.1% with peginterferon/ribavirin; R155, D168 resistance.
Vanoxerine
Vanoxerine (GBR-12909) is a 1,4-dialkylpiperazine dopamine transporter antagonist, developed for Parkinson's disease, depression, and cocaine addiction, later trialed as an oral antiarrhythmic converting atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm; Phase 3 showed torsades de pointes risk and it remains unapproved.
Vapreotide
Vapreotide (RC-160, Sanvar, Octastatin) is a synthetic cyclic octapeptide somatostatin analogue, SSTR2/SSTR5 agonist, studied for variceal bleeding and AIDS diarrhea; never finally FDA-approved.
Varatika bhasma
Kapardika bhasma (Kapardik Bhasma), an Ayurvedic calcined cowry-shell (Cypraea moneta) preparation, mainly calcium carbonate, listed in the AFI for Parinamashula, Agnimandya, and Karnasrava at 250 mg dose.
Vardenafil
Vardenafil, marketed as Levitra by Bayer, is a PDE5 inhibitor taken orally to treat erectile dysfunction, approved by the FDA in 2003 and available generically.
Varenicline
Varenicline (Chantix, Champix) is a partial agonist at α4β2 nicotinic receptors used for smoking cessation; FDA-approved May 2006, more effective than bupropion or single NRT, most common side effect nausea, recalled in 2021 over nitrosamine impurity, generics since 2021.
Variably protease-sensitive prionopathy
Variably protease-sensitive prionopathy (VPSPr), formerly PSPr, is a rare sporadic human prion disease identified in 2008, with protease-sensitive abnormal prion protein, onset near age 70, and no PRNP mutation.