Human health and medicine

Violence interruption

Violence interruption is a public health approach to urban gun violence in which trained outreach workers, called violence interrupters, mediate conflicts before someone is shot.

Violet Affleck (born 2005), daughter of Ben Affleck and Jennifer Garner, is an American public health advocate against mask bans and for clean indoor air; she spoke at the LA County Board of Supervisors in 2024 and at a 2025 UN Healthy Indoor Air event after contracting a post-viral condition in 2019.

Vipanatide? (维派那肽)

Vipanatide (维派那肽), officially Visepegenatide (维培那肽), code PB-119, trade name Paidakang, is PegBio's once-weekly PEGylated exenatide GLP-1 receptor agonist approved in China on November 14, 2025 for type 2 diabetes.

Vipivotide tetraxetan lutetium

Vipivotide tetraxetan lutetium (Pluvicto, formerly 177Lu-PSMA-617) is a PSMA-targeted lutetium-177 radioligand therapy for prostate cancer, FDA-approved 2022 for mCRPC and 2026 with ARPI for hormone-sensitive disease.

VIPoma

VIPoma, also called Verner-Morrison syndrome or pancreatic cholera, is a rare pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor that secretes vasoactive intestinal peptide, causing chronic watery diarrhea and low blood potassium.

VIPVIZA trial

VIPVIZA (Visualization of Asymptomatic Atherosclerotic Disease for Optimum Cardiovascular Prevention) is a Swedish PROBE randomized trial nested in the Västerbotten Intervention Programme: pictorial carotid ultrasound reports to 3532 people aged 40–60 lowered Framingham and SCORE cardiovascular risk at 1 and 3 years.

Viral carditis

Viral carditis (ICD-11 1D85; ICD-10 B33.2) is heart inflammation from viral infection, mainly Coxsackie B and other enteroviruses, presenting as myocarditis, pericarditis, or dilated cardiomyopathy.

Viral conjunctivitis

Viral conjunctivitis (adenoviral pink eye) is a highly contagious acute conjunctival infection, usually adenovirus, causing red watery eyes; clinical diagnosis, supportive care, resolves in 7-14 days.

Viral hepatitis

Viral hepatitis: liver inflammation caused by hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D, and E; A and E typically acute, B, C, D acute or chronic; about 1.3 million deaths in 2024, mostly HBV.

Viral load testing

Viral load testing measures the amount of virus in a patient's blood, reported as RNA or DNA copies per milliliter, to track infection and treatment response.

Viral meningitis

Viral meningitis, also called aseptic meningitis, is inflammation of the brain and spinal cord lining caused by viruses, most often non-polio enteroviruses. Most cases recover within 7 to 10 days; mortality is far lower than bacterial meningitis.

Viral myocarditis

Viral myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle caused by a viral infection, most often parvovirus B19 or HHV-6 today, ranging from no symptoms to heart failure and sudden death.

Viral Plaque Assay

Viral plaque assay (plaque assay, PFU assay): cell culture method counting plaques of dead cells to quantify infectious virus in PFU/mL; developed by d'Herelle (1917) and Dulbecco and Vogt (1952); basis of the PRNT.

Viral pneumonia

Viral pneumonia: lung infection caused by respiratory viruses such as influenza, SARS-CoV-2, RSV, and parainfluenza; treated with antivirals and supportive care, not antibiotics unless bacterial coinfection is suspected.

Oct 20, 2026

Viral retinitis

Viral retinitis: herpesvirus infection of the retina, mainly acute retinal necrosis (VZV, HSV), progressive outer retinal necrosis, and CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients; necrotizing, retinal detachment-prone, treated with systemic and intravitreal antivirals.

Virgin cleansing myth

Virgin cleansing myth (also virgin cure or virgin rape myth): false belief that sex with a virgin cures HIV/AIDS or other STIs, documented in Southern Africa and linked by some researchers to child rape, though its causal weight is disputed.

Virginia Apgar

Virginia Apgar (1909-1974), American obstetrical anesthesiologist and first woman full professor at Columbia's College of Physicians and Surgeons, created the Apgar Score for newborn assessment and led March of Dimes birth-defects efforts.

Virginity test

A virginity test, also called a hymen examination or "two-finger" test, is an inspection of the female genitalia meant to determine whether a woman or girl has had vaginal intercourse.

Virilization

Virilization (masculinization, virilism): development of male secondary sexual characteristics in females or newborns from excess androgens, caused by CAH, Cushing syndrome, adrenal or ovarian tumors, or anabolic steroids; voice deepening is permanent.

Virtual chromoendoscopy

Virtual chromoendoscopy is a gastrointestinal endoscopic imaging technique that uses optical filters or digital image processing, such as narrow band imaging, to highlight mucosal and vascular patterns without spraying dye.

Virtual colonoscopy

Virtual colonoscopy, or CT colonography (CTC), is a noninvasive CT imaging test that detects colon polyps, ulcers, and cancer without sedation or endoscopy, used for screening.

Virtual microscopy

Virtual microscopy is a digital imaging method that scans an entire microscope slide into a single high-resolution whole-slide image, used in pathology for diagnosis, education, and teleconsultation.

Virtual screening

Virtual screening is a computational drug discovery method that ranks millions of compounds by predicted binding to a target protein, using docking or ligand similarity, before laboratory testing.

Virtual staining

Virtual staining is a deep-learning technique in computational microscopy that generates stained-appearing images of tissue from label-free inputs such as autofluorescence, replacing chemical staining with an image-to-image translation network.

Virus Inactivation

Virus inactivation: irreversible destruction of viral infectivity by heat, UV or gamma radiation, pH extremes, detergents, solvents, and chemical agents; measured as log reduction and validated under ICH Q5A(R2) and EMA guidelines.

Visceral heterotaxy

Visceral heterotaxy, also called heterotaxy syndrome or situs ambiguus, is a rare congenital disorder of abnormal left-right organ arrangement, excluding situs inversus totalis, with complex heart defects, asplenia or polysplenia, and ciliary dysfunction.

Viscosupplementation

Viscosupplementation is the injection of hyaluronic acid into a joint, most often the knee, to relieve osteoarthritis pain; it is widely used despite most guidelines recommending against it.

Visible peristalsis

Visible peristalsis is a physical examination sign in which waves of intestinal or gastric contraction are seen moving across the abdominal wall, almost invariably indicating obstruction, though it also occurs in very thin or malnourished people.

Oct 20, 2026

Visilizumab

Visilizumab (Nuvion, HuM291) was a humanized anti-CD3 IgG2 monoclonal antibody for steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease; development was terminated in 2007 after insufficient efficacy and inferior safety versus intravenous steroids.