Human health and medicine

Biliary reconstruction

Biliary reconstruction is a surgical procedure that restores bile flow by rejoining the bile ducts to the intestine or each other after injury, resection, or transplantation.

Biliary stenting

Biliary stenting is a gastroenterology and surgery procedure that places a tube across a blocked or leaking bile duct so bile can drain again, relieving jaundice, cholangitis, and pruritus.

Oct 20, 2026

Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures

Biliary tract surgical procedures (MeSH D001662) are operations on the bile ducts and gallbladder, chiefly cholecystectomy, bile duct exploration, and bilioenteric reconstruction, now mostly laparoscopic.

Biliopancreatic diversion

Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) is a bariatric operation combining partial stomach removal with intestinal bypass for malabsorption, first reported by Nicola Scopinaro in 1979 and now under 2% of procedures.

biliROP study

biliROP (NCT05806684) is a retrospective cohort study at Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, on hyperbilirubinemia and retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants; it found higher ROP risk with jaundice exposure (13.8% vs 7.8%).

Bilirubinuria

Bilirubinuria is the presence of water-soluble conjugated bilirubin in the urine, a sign of hepatocellular disease or biliary obstruction that often darkens the urine before jaundice is visible.

Bill W.

Bill W. (William Griffith Wilson, 1895–1971) co-founded Alcoholics Anonymous with Dr. Bob Smith in Akron in 1935, wrote the Big Book and Twelve Traditions, and shaped AA's anonymity and leaderless structure.

Billroth I reconstruction

Billroth I reconstruction is a gastroduodenostomy joining the duodenum to the gastric remnant after distal gastrectomy, preserving duodenal food passage; first performed in 1881, it remains a mainstay reconstruction in Japan.

Billroth II reconstruction

Billroth II reconstruction is a surgical technique after distal gastrectomy in which the duodenal stump is closed and the stomach remnant is joined to the jejunum.

Billy Blanks

Billy Blanks (born 1955, Erie, Pennsylvania), American karate champion and actor, creator of the Tae Bo workout, also called Tae-Bo, whose 1998 infomercials sold 1.5 million videos and about $75 million in six months.

Bilobectomy

Bilobectomy is a thoracic surgical procedure removing two adjacent lobes of one lung, essentially a right-sided operation, first performed by Churchill in 1933 to treat lung cancer.

Bilvadi Gutika

Bilvadi Gutika (Bilwadi Gutika, Vilwadi Gutika) is an Ayurvedic Formulary of India polyherbal tablet led by Aegle marmelos, used for poisoning, bites, indigestion, and fever, with studied antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity.

Bilvadi Leha

Bilvadi leha (Bilvādi leha; Vilwadi Lehyam) is a classical Ayurvedic semisolid avaleha confection of Aegle marmelos root decoction boiled with old jaggery and nine spice powders, indicated for anorexia, digestive impairment, salivation, and vomiting, dose 6 g.

BIMA trial

BIMA trial: Brain Injury and Mechanisms of Action of Hyperbaric Oxygen study, a DoD-sponsored randomized double-blind sham-controlled Phase II trial (NCT01611194) of 71 U.S. service members testing 40 sessions of 1.5 ATA HBO2 versus 1.2 ATA air sham for persistent post-concussive symptoms after mild TBI; short-term gains regressed by 6 to 36 months.

Bimagrumab

Bimagrumab (BYM338) is a fully human monoclonal antibody blocking activin type IIA/IIB receptors, developed by Novartis and MorphoSys, later acquired by Eli Lilly; it raises lean mass and cuts fat but failed functional endpoints in muscle disease.

Bimatoprost

Bimatoprost (Lumigan, Latisse, Durysta) is a synthetic prostamide analog of prostaglandin F2alpha, FDA approved in 2001 to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma and used topically for eyelash growth.

Bimatoprost grenod

Bimatoprost grenod (NCX 470, K-911) is a nitric oxide-donating bimatoprost eye drop for open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension; two positive phase 3 trials and an FDA-accepted NDA with April 2027 PDUFA date.

Bimaxillary orthognathic surgery

Bimaxillary orthognathic surgery is a jaw operation combining a Le Fort I osteotomy with bilateral sagittal split osteotomies, repositioning both jaws to correct malocclusion and facial imbalance.

Bimekizumab

Bimekizumab (Bimzelx, bimekizumab-bkzx) is a UCB humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody inhibiting IL-17A and IL-17F, approved 2021 in the EU and 2023 in the US for plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and hidradenitis suppurativa.

BIMERVAX

BIMERVAX (PHH-1V) is HIPRA's recombinant, adjuvanted protein-subunit COVID-19 booster vaccine, EMA-authorised 30 March 2023 for people 12+ previously mRNA-vaccinated; WHO prequalified 2023; versions target Alpha/Beta, XBB.1.16, and LP.8.1.

Oct 15, 2026

Binaural hearing

Binaural hearing is the brain's use of input from both ears to locate sounds in space, based on differences in arrival time and intensity between the ears.

Binding problem

Binding problem: how features encoded by separate brain circuits combine into unified percepts. Also called neural binding; coined by von der Malsburg (1981); studied via illusory conjunctions, Balint's syndrome, synchrony, and AI model failures.

Bing–Neel syndrome

Bing–Neel syndrome is a rare neurological complication of Waldenström macroglobulinemia, first described by Jens Bing and Axel von Neel in 1936, in which malignant lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltrate the central nervous system.

Binge drinking

Binge drinking, also called heavy episodic drinking, is drinking that raises blood alcohol concentration to 0.08% or more, typically 4+ drinks for women or 5+ for men in about two hours; the most common form of excessive U.S. drinking.

Binge eating

Binge eating, or binge-eating disorder (BED), is recurrent loss-of-control overeating without compensatory behavior, distinct from bulimia nervosa. About 3% of U.S. adults are affected; CBT and lisdexamfetamine are main treatments.

Binge eating disorder

Binge eating disorder (BED), a DSM-5 eating disorder marked by recurrent binge episodes with loss of control and no compensatory purging; affects 1.2% of US adults yearly; treated with CBT-based self-help and lisdexamfetamine.

Binimetinib

Binimetinib (MEK162, ARRY-438162; Mektovi) is an ATP-noncompetitive MEK1/2 inhibitor by Array BioPharma, approved with encorafenib for BRAF V600-mutant melanoma; COLUMBUS PFS 14.9 vs 7.3 months.

Binocular rivalry

Binocular rivalry: alternating conscious perception when two different images are shown one to each eye. Also called ocular equivocation; first systematically studied by Wheatstone (1838); key paradigm for consciousness research and interocular suppression.

Binocular vision

Binocular vision, also called binocular fusion, is the use of both eyes together so the brain merges two slightly different retinal images into a single percept with depth.