14 articles
Ecology of milk-cap fungi (Lactarius and Lactifluus)
Milk-cap fungi, the closely related genera Lactarius and Lactifluus, are ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes with well over 650 species worldwide, partnering with trees from temperate forests to the tropics.
Lactarius deliciosus
Lactarius deliciosus, the saffron milkcap (Agaricus deliciosus basionym), is an orange edible ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae mushroom under pines, with carrot-colored latex turning wine red and green bruising; the name is misapplied in North America.
Lactarius fallax
Lactarius fallax, the velvety milk cap (A.H. Sm. & Hesler, 1962), is a Russulaceae milk-cap fungus with a dark velvety umbo cap and white latex, found in conifer forests from northern California to Alaska; genetics suggest two cryptic species.
Lactarius fuliginosus
Lactarius fuliginosus, the sooty milkcap (Donkere fluweelmelkzwam), is a dark-capped Plinthogalus milkcap with white latex turning pink, ectomycorrhizal with oak and beech, rare and Red-Listed in the Netherlands, and taxonomically confused with L. azonites and L. picinus.
Lactarius indigo
Lactarius indigo, the indigo milk cap or blue milk mushroom, is a blue Russulaceae fungus of oak-pine woods in the Americas and Asia that bleeds indigo latex turning green, is edible, and yielded a synthesized azulene blue food colorant.
Lactarius quietus
Lactarius quietus, the Oak Milkcap (oakbug milkcap, eikeriske, ekriska), is an oak-associated ectomycorrhizal milkcap in Russulaceae with a zoned cinnamon cap, white acrid latex, IUCN Least Concern status, and a 116 Mb genome.
Lactarius torminosus
Lactarius torminosus, the woolly milkcap (lactaire toisonné), is a toxic birch-associated Russulaceae mushroom with a pink zoned cap, woolly margin, and white acrid latex, eaten only after thermal treatment in Russia.
Lactarius turpis
Lactarius turpis (Weinm.) Fr., the Ugly Milkcap, also published as L. necator and L. plumbeus, is a large olive-brown to blackish birch milkcap of the Northern Hemisphere, KOH-purple on the cap, non-edible due to the mutagen necatorin.
Lactifluus
Lactifluus is a genus of milk-cap fungi in the family Russulaceae, separated from the larger genus Lactarius in 2011; it contains several hundred mostly tropical species, many of them eaten.
Lactifluus and Lactarius species of the tropics and Australasia
Lactifluus and Lactarius species of the tropics and Australasia are milk-cap fungi, most belonging to the tropical genus Lactifluus, an ectomycorrhizal partner of trees across Africa, Asia, and Australasia.
Lactifluus piperatus
Lactifluus piperatus, the peppery milkcap, long known as Lactarius piperatus, is a white funnel-shaped woodland mushroom whose acrid milk once served as a pepper substitute.
Lactifluus volemus
Lactifluus volemus, the weeping milk cap (formerly Lactarius volemus), is an edible ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae fungus with a fishy smell and copious white latex; molecular studies show it is a worldwide complex of dozens of species, three in Europe.
Milk-cap morphology and latex chemistry
Milk-cap mushrooms, chiefly the genera Lactarius and Lactifluus, are defined by the milky latex that exudes from cut flesh, and share a brittle texture with Russula.
Systematics of Lactarius
Systematics of Lactarius: classification and phylogeny of the milkcap genus Lactarius (Russulales), split molecularly into Lactarius s. str., Lactifluus, and Multifurca, with three subgenera, ITS-based species delimitation, and regional revisions in Korea, Africa, and North America.