61 articles
Juniper expansion in western North America
Juniper expansion in western North America is the spread of juniper trees, chiefly western juniper, into sagebrush shrublands, driven mainly by fire suppression and livestock grazing.
Juniperus ashei
Juniperus ashei (Ashe juniper, mountain cedar), Cupressaceae conifer of the Edwards Plateau, Texas, with disjunct stands in Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Coahuila; fire-sensitive, causes winter cedar fever, and hosts golden-cheeked warbler nesting.
Juniperus communis
Juniperus communis, common juniper, is a circumboreal Cupressaceae shrub or small tree whose fleshy cones flavor gin and are used in herbal medicine; dioecious, IUCN Least Concern, nine accepted varieties.
Juniperus drupacea
Juniperus drupacea (Syrian juniper, Andız) is the tallest juniper, a dioecious Tertiary relict of the eastern Mediterranean and monotypic section Caryocedrus, with three-year, drupe-like cones; Least Concern globally but Endangered in Greece.
Juniperus occidentalis
Juniperus occidentalis, western juniper (also called Sierra juniper for southern populations now split as J. grandis), is a small, long-lived Cupressaceae tree native to Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, and Washington, expanding into sagebrush steppe since the late 1800s and killed by fire, regenerating only by seed.
Juniperus osteosperma
Juniperus osteosperma, Utah juniper (syn. J. utahensis), a short Cupressaceae conifer dominating Great Basin and Colorado Plateau pinyon-juniper woodlands; slow-growing, deep-rooted, usually killed by fire, hybridizes with J. occidentalis in Nevada.
Juniperus oxycedrus
Juniperus oxycedrus (prickly juniper, cade juniper) is a western Mediterranean Cupressaceae shrub or tree to 6 m with spiny two-banded needles; its wood yields cade oil, and J. deltoides and J. macrocarpa were split from it.
Juniperus phoenicea
Juniperus phoenicea, Phoenician juniper ('ar'ar), a Mediterranean Cupressaceae shrub or small tree 5–8 m with red-brown berry-like cones; IUCN Least Concern; J. turbinata split from it as a separate species.
Juniperus sabina
Juniperus sabina, savin juniper, also Sabina vulgaris, a dioecious evergreen Cupressaceae shrub native from central and southern Europe to SW Siberia and N China, grown for centuries, IUCN Least Concern.
Juniperus scopulorum
Juniperus scopulorum, Rocky Mountain juniper, is a small evergreen cypress native from western Canada to northern Mexico, with two-year blue cones, hybridizing with J. virginiana, killed by fire but drought tolerant.
Juniperus virginiana
Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) is a dioecious juniper of eastern North America, not a true cedar, with one-year blue cones, decay-resistant aromatic heartwood (cedrene, cedrol), heavy Great Plains grassland encroachment under fire suppression, and uses in fenceposts, chests, pencils, and cedarwood oil.
Leyland cypress
Leyland cypress (× Hesperotropsis leylandii, Leylandii) is a sterile hybrid conifer from Leighton Hall, Wales, grown as fast hedges, screens, and Christmas trees; prone to Seiridium canker and UK hedge disputes.
Libocedrus
Libocedrus is a genus of five cypress-family conifer species native to New Zealand and New Caledonia, published by Endlicher in 1847, placed in subfamily Callitroideae, and paraphyletic unless Pilgerodendron is included.
List of largest giant sequoias
List of largest giant sequoias, ranked by trunk volume; General Sherman (1,487 m³) is the largest living tree, followed by President and General Grant; Stagg fifth, Boole sixth; wildfire killed 18% of large sequoias 2015–2024.
Metasequoia
Metasequoia (dawn redwood, 水杉) is a genus of deciduous conifers in Cupressaceae with one living species, M. glyptostroboides, described from fossils by Miki in 1941 and rediscovered alive in Hubei, China in the 1940s; IUCN Endangered.
Metasequoia glyptostroboides (水杉)
Metasequoia glyptostroboides (水杉, shui shan), dawn redwood, is a deciduous conifer and living fossil from Lichuan, Hubei, China; described from fossils by Miki in 1941, rediscovered alive in the 1940s, named by Hu and Cheng in 1948, and endangered in the wild.
Pilgerodendron
Pilgerodendron, sole species Pilgerodendron uviferum (ciprés de las Guaitecas, ten), a monotypic Vulnerable Cupressaceae conifer of southern Chile and Argentina, CITES Appendix I, dioecious, slow-growing bog-forest tree with low genetic diversity.
Pinyon–juniper woodland
Pinyon–juniper woodland (PJ woodland), semiarid North American vegetation of pinyon pines and junipers covering over 190,000 km² of the western US; three types (persistent woodlands, savannas, wooded shrublands), centennial fire cycles, post-settlement expansion, and pinyon jay decline.
Platycladus orientalis
Platycladus orientalis (Chinese arborvitae, 侧柏, formerly Thuja orientalis) is the sole species of its genus, a Cupressaceae conifer native from the Russian Far East to east-central China and Korea, with vertical sprays, wingless seeds, and over 40 cultivars.
Sequoia (genus)
Sequoia is a monotypic conifer genus of the cypress family containing the coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), the world's tallest tree, up to 112 m; giant sequoia now sits in Sequoiadendron, and the hexaploid redwood genome is 26.5 Gbp.
Sequoia sempervirens
Sequoia sempervirens, the coast redwood or California redwood, is the world's tallest tree, native to coastal central California to southern Oregon, Endangered on the IUCN Red List, and dependent on summer fog for up to 40% of water uptake.
Sequoiadendron giganteum
Sequoiadendron giganteum, the giant sequoia or Sierra redwood, is a Cupressaceae conifer endemic to 65-75 Sierra Nevada groves; world's largest tree by volume (General Sherman, 1,487 m3), up to 3,266 years old, losing 18% of large trees to wildfire since 2015.
Sequoioideae
Sequoioideae, the redwood subfamily of Cupressaceae, contains three species: coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens, hexaploid, tallest tree), giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum, largest tree), and deciduous dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) of China.
Serotiny
Serotiny (pyriscence) is delayed seed release in plants, where seeds are stored in woody cones or fruits and released after fire heat melts sealing resin; found in pines, Banksia, eucalypts, and cypresses.
Taxodium
Taxodium (bald cypresses) is a genus of two or three deciduous or semi-evergreen Cupressaceae trees of the southern USA and Mexico, known for swamp cypress knees, rot-resistant cypressene wood, and a Cretaceous-to-Pleistocene fossil record across North America, Europe, and East Asia.
Taxodium distichum
Taxodium distichum, the bald cypress or swamp cypress, is a deciduous conifer native to the southeastern United States, where it dominates river flood plains and swamps.
Taxonomy of Juniperus
The taxonomy of Juniperus covers how the juniper genus, largest in the cypress family with 60 to 75 species, is divided into three sections: Caryocedrus, Juniperus, and Sabina.
Tetraclinis articulata
Tetraclinis articulata, the sandarac tree, also known as the arar tree or Barbary thuja, is the sole species of its conifer genus, a Mediterranean evergreen that is the source of sandarac resin.
Thuja
Thuja (arborvitae) is a genus of five evergreen conifer species in Cupressaceae, disjunctly distributed between East Asia and North America; includes western redcedar (T. plicata) and eastern arborvitae (T. occidentalis).
Thuja occidentalis
Thuja occidentalis, northern white-cedar or arborvitae, is a slow-growing, long-lived (over 800 years) North American conifer valued for decay-resistant wood, deer winter browse, and ornamental cultivars.