129 articles
Glycine tabacina
Glycine tabacina (Variable Glycine), a perennial Fabaceae herb and wild soybean relative native from southern China and East Asia to Australia and the western Pacific; diploid B2B2 genome, 2n=40, with an allotetraploid complex and multiple polyploid origins.
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice, licorice, sweet root, gan cao) is a Fabaceae perennial herb native from the central Mediterranean to Mongolia and Pakistan, cultivated for rhizomes containing glycyrrhizin, 50 times sweeter than sugar, used in confectionery, medicine, and tobacco, with hypertension risk from excess intake.
Glycyrrhiza uralensis
Glycyrrhiza uralensis (gan cao, Chinese licorice) is a perennial Fabaceae herb native from eastern European Russia to Siberia and Pakistan, whose dried root and rhizome are a core traditional Chinese medicine containing glycyrrhizin.
Grape syrup
Grape syrup, also called pekmez, petimezi, dibs, saba, or arrope, is a molasses-like sweetener made by boiling down unfermented grape juice, typically 65–80% soluble solids, with Roman roots (defrutum, sapa) and codex limits on its fructose/glucose ratio.
Halophyte
Halophyte: salt-tolerant plant surviving at about 200 mM NaCl or more; also called salt-loving plants, contrasted with glycophytes. About 1% of flora; tolerate salt via vacuolar ion compartmentalization, compatible solutes, and salt glands.
Hardwood
Hardwood: wood of angiosperm (broadleaf, flowering) trees, as opposed to softwood from conifers. Defined by vessel elements (pores), not hardness; balsa is a hardwood. Used for flooring, furniture; stores carbon.
Hedysarum
Hedysarum (sulla, sweetvetch) is a genus of about 227 legume species in Fabaceae, tribe Hedysareae, with lomented pods, native to temperate Eurasia, North Africa, and western North America, divided into sections Hedysarum, Multicaulia, and Stracheya.
Hemicellulose
Hemicellulose is a group of branched, non-cellulosic polysaccharides in plant cell walls that bind to cellulose and reinforce it, making up 20 to 35% of the wall and including xylans and xyloglucans.
Hemp oil
Hemp oil (hemp seed oil) is the culinary oil pressed from Cannabis sativa seeds, naturally free of THC and CBD, GRAS-recognized by FDA in 2018, and distinct from hemp-derived CBD oil extracted from flowers and leaves.
Honey locust
Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos), also called sweet-locust or thorny-locust, is a thorned North American legume tree with sweet pods, thornless urban cultivars, and invasive populations in Argentina, Europe, and Australia.
Hops
Hops, the female cones of Humulus lupulus (Cannabaceae), are the brewing crop that bitters, flavors, and preserves beer via alpha acids and essential oils; cultivated since the 8th-century Hallertau, with over 260 varieties and medicinal uses.
Hymenaea courbaril
Hymenaea courbaril (jatobá, West Indian locust) is a 30-50 m Neotropical legume tree from Mexico to southeastern Brazil, yielding copal resin, dense timber, and starchy edible pod pulp; formerly six varieties, split into three species in 2014.
Indigofera
Indigofera (indigo plants), a Fabaceae legume genus of 764 species, pantropical with Africa-Madagascar as its diversity center; source of the blue dye indigo via Indigofera tinctoria and I. suffruticosa, also used as forage, medicine, and green manure, with some species toxic to livestock.
Indigofera tinctoria
Indigofera tinctoria (true indigo, nila) is a Fabaceae shrub whose indican-rich leaves yield indigo dye; native range spans tropical Africa and South Asia, displaced commercially by synthetic indigo after 1897.
Inga
Inga is a genus of about 300 species of nitrogen-fixing trees in the legume family Fabaceae, native to tropical America and long grown as shade for coffee and cacao.
Kudzu in the United States
Kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata), an Asian legume vine introduced at the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exposition, covers about 7 million acres of the southeastern US after New Deal erosion-control planting; it grows up to a foot per day and is a Federal Noxious Weed.
Lablab purpureus
Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean, Dolichos lablab), an African-origin climbing legume grown for grain, forage, and green manure; South African origin, East African domestication, seeds about 25% protein, drought-resilient biomass.
Laburnum
Laburnum (golden chain, golden rain) is a small European legume genus of two species, L. alpinum and L. anagyroides, plus the hybrid L. x watereri 'Vossii', grown for yellow pendulous racemes and poisonous cytisine-containing seeds.
Laburnum anagyroides
Laburnum anagyroides, common laburnum or golden chain tree (syn. Cytisus laburnum), a Fabaceae shrub or tree to 7 m native to S. Central and SE Europe, with yellow June–July racemes and cytisine-poisonous seeds; IUCN least concern.
Latex
Plant latex: sticky milky emulsion from laticifers in about 10% of flowering plants, a defense against herbivores; source of natural rubber from Hevea brasiliensis.
Lathyrus
Lathyrus (sweet pea, vetchling, grass pea) is a genus of about 160-183 climbing legume species in Fabaceae, tribe Fabeae, centered on the Mediterranean; grass pea L. sativus contains the neurotoxin β-ODAP causing lathyrism.
Lathyrus sativus
Lathyrus sativus, grass pea or chickling pea, a Balkan-domesticated annual legume grown for food and fodder; tolerant of drought and flooding but its neurotoxin beta-ODAP causes lathyrism when eaten as a dietary staple.
Legume
Legume: seeds and fruits of Fabaceae plants (beans, peas, chickpeas, lentils, soybean); dry-seed types are pulses. Fix nitrogen via rhizobia nodules, boost following-crop yields ~20%, cover ~180 Mha globally.
Leguminous flora
Leguminous flora, the Fabaceae or Leguminosae (豆科), the third largest flowering plant family with about 22,520 species in 796 genera, defined by pod fruits and root-nodule nitrogen fixation with Rhizobium bacteria.
Lentil
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), an annual self-pollinating pulse legume domesticated about 8,500 years ago in the Near East; grown in 53 countries for protein-rich seeds, led by Canada and India.
Lespedeza
Lespedeza (bush clover) is a Fabaceae genus of 48 accepted species native to Asia, Australia, and North America; some species are forage legumes, while sericea lespedeza (L. cuneata) is an invasive, tannin-rich noxious weed in the United States.
Leucaena
Leucaena (lead tree, ipil-ipil) is a Fabaceae genus of about 25 unarmed, bipinnate-leaved trees and shrubs native from the southern USA to Peru; L. leucocephala is a major tropical fodder tree containing toxic mimosine and listed among the world's worst invasive species.
Lignum vitae
Lignum vitae, the heartwood of Guaiacum officinale and G. sanctum, is an extremely hard, dense, self-lubricating tropical wood historically used for ship stern-tube bearings; both species are CITES Appendix II listed.
Liquorice
Liquorice (licorice), Glycyrrhiza glabra, also called gan cao or sweet root: a Fabaceae perennial herb whose glycyrrhizin-rich rhizomes flavor candy, tobacco, and root beer, and whose excess consumption raises blood pressure and lowers potassium.
Lithophyte
Lithophyte (stone plant; saxicolous, rupicolous, epipetric): a plant growing in or on rocks, drawing water and nutrients from rain, dew, debris, and rock-weathering microbes; distinct from chasmophytes, which root in rock crevices; common in orchids, bromeliads, cacti, ferns, and mosses.