261 articles
Croton (plant)
Croton (plant): large Euphorbiaceae genus published by Linnaeus in 1753, about 1,100–1,300 species, mostly Neotropical; diterpenoid-rich, medicinal, and often confused with the ornamental Codiaeum variegatum.
Croton lechleri
Croton lechleri (sangre de grado, dragon's blood) is a South American Euphorbiaceae tree whose red latex yields crofelemer (Mytesi), an FDA-approved antidiarrheal for HIV/AIDS patients.
Cucumis metuliferus
Cucumis metuliferus, the kiwano or African horned melon, is a spiny annual Cucurbitaceae vine from Africa whose orange-red horned fruit is eaten and whose nematode and virus resistance makes it a melon rootstock.
Cucurbitaceae
Cucurbitaceae, the gourd family, is a plant family of about 95 genera and 1,000 species of tendril-bearing vines in Cucurbitales, supplying cucumber, melon, watermelon, squash, and pumpkin; Asian Late Cretaceous origin, crops domesticated from c. 11,000 years ago.
Diplotaxis
Diplotaxis is a genus of 39 Brassicaceae species native from Europe and the Mediterranean to the Himalaya, including wild rocket (D. tenuifolia) and wall rocket (D. erucoides), salad greens rich in glucosinolates and quercetin flavonols.
Dipterocarpaceae
Dipterocarpaceae (dipterocarps), a pantropical family of 17 genera and roughly 500-700 resinous tree species centered in Southeast Asian lowland rain forests, with winged 2-5-winged nuts, mast fruiting, ectomycorrhizas, and 75% of species threatened.
Draba
Draba (whitlow-grasses), largest genus of Brassicaceae in tribe Arabideae, over 370 arctic-alpine species on every continent except Australia and Antarctica; monophyletic but with artificial sectional classifications.
Durio
Durio is a genus of about 29 accepted Southeast Asian trees in Malvaceae, native from Indo-China to western Malesia, centering on Borneo; it includes the durian, Durio zibethinus, the only widely cultivated species, plus edible wild relatives and timber trees.
Epilobium
Epilobium (willowherbs), genus of Onagraceae published by Linnaeus in 1753; about 190-192 accepted species of erect perennial herbs, cosmopolitan except Antarctica, formerly including fireweeds (Chamaenerion) and Zauschneria.
Eruca sativa
Eruca sativa, known as arugula, rocket, or rucola, is an annual Mediterranean herb in the mustard family grown as a peppery salad vegetable and for Taramira oil in India.
Eruca vesicaria
Eruca vesicaria, also called garden rocket or arugula (Eruca sativa), is an annual Brassicaceae herb native to Spain, Morocco, and Algeria, grown for pungent salad leaves and taramira seed oil.
Erysimum cheiri
Erysimum cheiri, also Erysimum × cheiri or Cheiranthus cheiri, the wallflower or Aegean wallflower, a fragrant Brassicaceae subshrub native to Greece, naturalized widely, grown ornamentally and used for essential oils and folk medicine.
Erythroxylum
Erythroxylum (coca genus) is a pantropical genus of about 200-270 trees and shrubs in Erythroxylaceae, Malpighiales; includes Erythroxylum coca and E. novogranatense, source of cocaine, with intrapetiolar stipules and 10 fused stamens.
Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus (eucalypts) is a Myrtaceae genus of about 880 evergreen Australian tree and shrub species with operculate buds and woody capsules, including the 99.6 m Eucalyptus regnans, the world's most widely planted hardwood timber genus.
Eucalyptus bridgesiana
Eucalyptus bridgesiana, the apple box (apple gum), is an Australian Myrtaceae tree of the Great Dividing Range tablelands, glaucous juvenile leaves, seven-flowered umbels, IUCN Vulnerable A2c after 40.1% habitat decline, introduced to Hawaii.
Eucalyptus deglupta
Eucalyptus deglupta, the rainbow eucalyptus or Mindanao gum (bagras, kamarere), is a tropical Myrtaceae tree native to the Philippines, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea, known for peeling multicolored bark and grown for pulp and timber.
Eucalyptus diversicolor
Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor F.Muell., 1863) is Western Australia's tallest eucalypt, reaching about 90 m in high-rainfall south-west forests from Nannup to Denmark; a strong structural timber historically exported from Karridale.
Eucalyptus globulus
Eucalyptus globulus, known as the Tasmanian blue gum, is a tall evergreen tree native to Tasmania and Victoria, widely grown for timber and eucalyptus oil.
Eucalyptus grandis
Eucalyptus grandis, flooded gum or rose gum, is a fast-growing Australian Myrtaceae tree up to 60 m, among the most widely planted eucalypts for pulp, mainly in Brazil and South Africa, hybridizing readily with E. saligna.
Eucalyptus marginata
Eucalyptus marginata, jarrah, is a tall eucalypt endemic to south-west Western Australia, dominant in jarrah forest on lateritic soils, a durable termite-resistant red timber, IUCN Near Threatened, with commercial native logging ended in 2024.
Eucalyptus nitens
Eucalyptus nitens, known as shining gum or ribbon gum, is a fast-growing eucalypt tree native to southeastern Australia and a principal pulpwood plantation species of the southern hemisphere.
Eucalyptus saligna
Eucalyptus saligna, Sydney blue gum or blue gum (柳叶桉), a fast-growing Myrtaceae tree to 50 m native to Queensland and New South Wales, widely planted for timber worldwide; IUCN Least Concern, invasive-risk species in Florida.
Eucalyptus tereticornis
Eucalyptus tereticornis, the forest red gum or blue gum, is a Myrtaceae tree to 50 m native from Victoria to Papua New Guinea (6–38°S), IUCN Least Concern, widely planted for timber, pulp, oil, and honey.
Eucalyptus urophylla
Eucalyptus urophylla, Timor white gum or Timor mountain gum (ampupu), an endangered Myrtaceae tree native to the Lesser Sunda Islands and Timor-Leste, widely planted for pulp and as the E. grandis hybrid parent.
Eugenia uniflora
Eugenia uniflora L., the pitanga or Surinam cherry, is a Myrtaceae shrub or small tree native to E. and S. Brazil to S. South America, grown for ribbed edible fruit, invasive in south Florida, IUCN Least Concern.
Euphorbia
Euphorbia (spurges) is a cosmopolitan genus of Euphorbiaceae, one of the largest plant genera with roughly 1,200 to over 2,000 species, defined by milky toxic latex and the cyathium inflorescence, with four subgenera and wide medicinal use.
Euphorbia antisyphilitica
Euphorbia antisyphilitica, commonly known as candelilla, is a semisucculent shrub of the spurge family native to the southern United States and Mexico and the source of candelilla wax.
Euphorbia heterophylla
Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia, Mexican fireplant, milkweed) is an annual latex-bearing Euphorbiaceae herb native to tropical America, now a pantropical soybean and maize weed with documented ALS, glyphosate, and PPO herbicide resistance.
Euphorbia hirta
Euphorbia hirta (asthma plant, tawa-tawa), an annual Euphorbiaceae herb native to tropical America, used in traditional medicine for asthma, diarrhea, and dengue; pharmacology remains preclinical.
Euphorbia milii
Euphorbia milii, crown of thorns or Christ plant, is a spiny semisucculent Madagascan shrub in Euphorbiaceae grown for red, pink, white, or yellow bracts; its toxic latex causes dermatitis and eye injury, and its diterpenoids show molluscicidal and pharmacological activity.