261 articles
Salix alba
Salix alba, white willow, is a 25 m Eurasian Salicaceae tree with silky silvery leaf undersides, dioecious catkins, salicin-rich bark used to develop aspirin, and rare hybridization with S. fragilis.
Salix babylonica
Salix babylonica, the weeping willow or Babylon weeping willow, is a Salicaceae tree native to northern and eastern China and Korea, named by Linnaeus in 1753, widely planted as an ornamental and invasive in parts of South Africa, Australia, and Florida.
Salix caprea
Salix caprea (goat willow, pussy willow), a dioecious Eurasian pioneer willow described by Linnaeus in 1753, flowering in early spring; introduced and naturalized in North America and assessed for weed risk in Australia.
Salix herbacea
Salix herbacea (dwarf willow, snowbed willow), a dioecious clonal dwarf willow of subarctic and subalpine Europe and North America, forming mats under 10 cm, common in snowbeds, sensitive to earlier snowmelt.
Salix nigra
Salix nigra (black willow, swamp willow) is the largest and only commercially important North American willow, a fast-growing, short-lived dioecious tree of eastern US, Canadian, and Mexican floodplains, IUCN Least Concern, widely used for streambank stabilization.
Salix purpurea
Salix purpurea (purple willow, purple osier) is a Eurasian and North African willow shrub, 1–6 m, with opposite narrow leaves and fused stamens, cultivated for basketry osiers and salicin-rich bark (4–8%), IUCN Least Concern, diploid 2n=38.
Salix viminalis
Salix viminalis (common osier, basket willow, 吐兰柳), a Linnaean 1753 willow of Salicaceae native from Central Europe to Siberia and Xinjiang, grown for basketry, bioenergy coppice hybrids, and phytoremediation of metals and organic pollutants.
Salvadora persica
Salvadora persica, known as Arak or Peelu, is an evergreen shrub or small tree whose twigs are the traditional miswak chewing stick used as a natural toothbrush.
Sapium
Sapium is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae, with about 27 accepted species of monoecious trees and shrubs native to tropical and subtropical America.
Saxifragales
Saxifragales is an order of eudicot flowering plants, sister to rosids in the superrosids, with about 2,400 species in 15 families including Saxifragaceae, Crassulaceae, Paeoniaceae, and Hamamelidaceae; origin dated to ~107 Ma.
Shorea robusta
Shorea robusta (sal, साल, 娑罗双) is a large Dipterocarpaceae timber tree dominating sal forests of the Indian subcontinent; IUCN least concern, ~105,790 km2 of sal forest in India, threatened by heartwood borer epidemics, fire, and poor regeneration.
Sinapis
Sinapis (mustard) is a genus of three accepted Brassicaceae species native from temperate Eurasia to North Africa; its species Sinapis alba, white or yellow mustard, is a major condiment and cover crop.
Sinapis alba
Sinapis alba (white mustard, yellow mustard, syn. Brassica hirta), an annual Brassicaceae herb with 2n=24 (SS genome), grown for condiment seed rich in sinalbin, green manure, forage, and oil.
Sinapis arvensis
Sinapis arvensis, charlock or wild mustard (synonym Brassica kaber, NCBI name Mutarda arvensis), is an annual Brassicaceae weed of Eurasian and North African origin, naturalized worldwide, with light-requiring coat-imposed seed dormancy and ALS-inhibitor-resistant Turkish biotypes.
Siraitia grosvenorii
Siraitia grosvenorii (monk fruit, luo han guo, 罗汉果), a Cucurbitaceae vine native to southern China, produces mogroside V, a cucurbitane triterpene glycoside about 300 times sweeter than sucrose, used as a zero-calorie sweetener and Chinese food-medicine.
Sisymbrium
Sisymbrium (hedge mustards, rockets) is a genus of Brassicaceae herbs published by Linnaeus in 1753, lectotype S. altissimum; about 41-90 species, Miocene origin in the Irano-Turanian region, yellow flowers and 3-nerved linear siliques.
Star gooseberry
Star gooseberry (Sauropus androgynus, katuk, sweet leaf; accepted name Breynia androgyna) is a Southeast Asian leafy shrub eaten as a nutritious vegetable but linked to bronchiolitis obliterans when raw juice is consumed excessively.
Syzygium
Syzygium (Myrtaceae), the world's most species-rich tree genus with over 1100 species, Old World tropics, origin in Australia-New Guinea; includes clove (S. aromaticum) and jambolan (S. cumini).
Syzygium cumini
Syzygium cumini (jambolan, Java plum, jamun) is a Myrtaceae evergreen tree native from tropical Asia to north Queensland, grown for dark purple astringent fruit, used in traditional medicine, and invasive in south Florida.
Tamarix gallica
Tamarix gallica (French tamarisk), Mediterranean-Sahara shrub or tree of Tamaricaceae with salt-excreting scale-like leaves; salt-tolerant and arsenic-tolerant halophyte, ornamental and windbreak, invasive in California and listed as a noxious weed.
Terminalia
Terminalia L. is a genus of tropical trees and shrubs in Combretaceae, first published in 1767, with roughly 200-278 accepted species. Known for Terminalia-type branching, winged fruits, valuable timber, and medicinal species such as T. chebula and T. catappa.
Terminalia arjuna
Terminalia arjuna (arjuna, arjun tree), a Combretaceae tree native to the Indian subcontinent to Myanmar; its bark is an Ayurvedic cardiotonic studied in heart failure and angina trials.
Terminalia catappa
Terminalia catappa (tropical almond, Indian almond, ketapang) is a coastal Combretaceae tree native to the Indo-Pacific, grown for shade and edible seeds, with buoyant salt-tolerant seeds that make it invasive in Florida and the Caribbean.
Terminalia chebula
Terminalia chebula (haritaki, chebulic myrobalan), Combretaceae tree of South Asia; dried fruit Chebulae Fructus used in Ayurveda, TCM, and Triphala; rich in hydrolyzable tannins like chebulagic acid.
Terminalia ivorensis
Terminalia ivorensis (framire, idigbo, black afara) is a Vulnerable West African Combretaceae timber tree from Guinea to Cameroon, grown in plantations for oak-like wood, shade, medicine, and dye.
Terminalia superba
Terminalia superba (limba, fraké) is a large West and Central African Combretaceae timber tree, a light-demanding pioneer traded as one of Africa's major timbers and used in traditional medicine.
Theobroma cacao
Theobroma cacao, the cacao or cocoa tree, is a Malvaceae evergreen whose seeds give chocolate. Upper Amazon origin, use from ~5,300 years ago, 71% of output from Africa, record 2023/24 prices.
Thlaspi
Thlaspi L. is a small genus of Brassicaceae herbs native to temperate Eurasia, published by Linnaeus in 1753 with 9 accepted species; formerly broad Thlaspi s.l. was split into Noccaea, Microthlaspi, and other genera.
Thlaspi arvense
Thlaspi arvense, field pennycress or stinkweed, is a Eurasian mustard-family annual weed of cropland being domesticated in the US Midwest as a winter annual oilseed cash cover crop for corn-soybean rotations and aviation biofuel.
Tibouchina
Tibouchina (glorytree) is a Neotropical Melastomataceae genus, native S. Mexico to S. Tropical America, with 38 accepted species after the 2019 split into Pleroma, Chaetogastra, and Andesanthus; bee-pollinated, with T. herbacea invasive in Hawaii.