2,112 articles
Bursera simaruba
Bursera simaruba (gumbo limbo, West Indian birch, palo mulato) is a Burseraceae tree native from Mexico to Brazil and the Caribbean, with peeling coppery bark, IUCN Least Concern status, and medicinal, fencepost, and fuel uses.
Burseraceae
Burseraceae Kunth, a conserved name published in 1824, is a pantropical family of resin-producing trees and shrubs in Sapindales, best known as the source of frankincense, myrrh, and copal.
Butea
Butea (palash, flame-of-the-forest) is a Fabaceae genus of five accepted species native from the Indian subcontinent to Indo-China, known for orange-scarlet bird-pollinated flowers, lac insect host use, and Ayurvedic medicine.
Butea monosperma
Butea monosperma (Palash, पलाश, Flame of the Forest, Dhak) is a Fabaceae tree of the Indian subcontinent and Indochina with scarlet flowers, sacred in Hinduism, used in Ayurveda, IUCN Least Concern.
Buxaceae
Buxaceae (boxwood family), order Buxales; evergreen trees and shrubs including Buxus, Sarcococca, Pachysandra; petals absent, capsule or drupe fruits; APG IV merged Haptanthaceae into it.
Buxus
Buxus (box, boxwood), a genus of evergreen Buxaceae shrubs native to Europe, Asia, Africa, Mexico, and the Caribbean, prized for hedging and topiary and threatened by boxwood blight and the box tree moth.
Byrsonima
Byrsonima (murici, nance) is a Neotropical genus of about 160 species of trees and shrubs in Malpighiaceae, native from Florida and Mexico to Paraguay, with fleshy bird-dispersed drupes, medicinal and edible species such as B. crassifolia, and savanna diversification since the mid-Miocene.
Cactaceae
Cactaceae (cactus family), Caryophyllales family defined by areoles; nearly all New World succulents with centers in Mexico, the Andes, and eastern Brazil; 31% of evaluated species are threatened, and a 2025 phylogenomic classification recognizes six subfamilies and 155 genera.
Cactus
Cactus (family Cactaceae): about 2,000 species of American succulent plants defined by areoles, spines as modified leaves, and CAM photosynthesis; convergent with African Euphorbia; whole family CITES-listed since 1975.
Caesalpinia
Caesalpinia Plum. ex L. is a genus of about ten neotropical legume trees and shrubs, once a pantropical genus of c. 150 species, split by 2016 phylogenetics into 26 genera including Paubrasilia.
Caesalpinia pulcherrima
Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw., pride of Barbados or peacock flower (formerly Poinciana pulcherrima), is a prickly leguminous shrub native to SE Mexico to Central America, widely grown in tropics for red-orange flowers; medicinal, toxic seeds, national flower of Barbados.
Cajanus
Cajanus, a Fabaceae genus of 34 species native to the tropical Old World to north Australia; its sole cultivated species, Cajanus cajan (pigeonpea, arhar), was domesticated in India from C. cajanifolius.
Calabash
Calabash, most often the bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria (ユウガオ), an African-domesticated climbing cucurbit grown for edible young fruits and hard shells used as utensils, instruments, and watermelon rootstock; distinct from Crescentia cujete.
Calceolaria
Calceolaria (slipper flowers, lady's purse) is a genus of about 250-310 Andean plants in Calceolariaceae, from Mexico to Tierra del Fuego, with nectarless oil-offering flowers pollinated by Centris and Chalepogenus bees.
Calea
Calea L. (Mexican dream herb, Calea ternifolia) is a species-rich Asteraceae genus native from Mexico to tropical America, with about 170 species, yellow florets, scale pappus, and sesquiterpene lactone chemistry.
Calendula
Calendula (marigold) is a Mediterranean-centered genus of Asteraceae herbs including pot marigold (Calendula officinalis), used in traditional herbal medicines, cosmetics, and food, with C. maritima Critically Endangered.
Calendula officinalis
Calendula officinalis (pot marigold), an Asteraceae herb native to the western Mediterranean, grown as an ornamental, edible flower, and traditional medicine; EU-registered herbal product Calendulae flos rich in terpenoids, flavonoids, and carotenoids.
Callicarpa
Callicarpa (beautyberry) is a Lamiaceae genus of about 140-170 shrub and small tree species, type species C. americana, native from the Americas to Asia, the Pacific, and Australia, with showy purple drupes and mosquito-repellent leaf compounds.
Callirhoe
Callirhoe (poppy mallow, wine cup) is a genus of nine Malvaceae herbs native from the central United States to northeastern Mexico, typified by C. digitata, with gynodioecious species and the endangered Texas poppy-mallow.
Callistemon
Callistemon (bottlebrush) is an Australian genus of Myrtaceae shrubs with brush-like staminate flower spikes; Kew synonymizes it under Melaleuca, but the Australian Plant Census retains it.
Callitriche
Callitriche, known commonly as water-starworts, is a genus of 78 species of aquatic and terrestrial herbs in Plantaginaceae, first published by Linnaeus in 1753 and almost cosmopolitan in range.
Calluna
Calluna is a monotypic Ericaceae genus whose single species, Calluna vulgaris (heather, ling), dominates European dry heathlands; a 15–60 cm evergreen subshrub with fire-adapted seed banks and four stand phases.
Calophyllaceae
Calophyllaceae, a pantropical family of flowering plants in Malpighiales split from Clusiaceae in APG III (2009), with 13 genera including Calophyllum, Kielmeyera, Mammea, and Mesua, secretory ducts, and coumarin chemistry.
Calophyllum
Calophyllum (beautiful leaf, Greek kalos + phyllon) is a Calophyllaceae genus of about 200 tropical evergreen tree species centered on Borneo; source of calanolide A anti-HIV lead and tamanu biodiesel oil.
Calophyllum antillanum
Calophyllum antillanum (galba, Santa Maria, calaba) is a Caribbean Calophyllaceae tree, treated by Kew as C. brasiliense var. antillanum; native to Central America and the West Indies, used for timber and shade, invasive in south Florida and Hawaii.
Calophyllum inophyllum
Calophyllum inophyllum (Alexandrian laurel, tamanu, mastwood, nyamplung) is a coastal tropical tree of Calophyllaceae from East Africa to the Pacific, valued for shipbuilding timber, tamanu seed oil, medicine, and biodiesel.
Calotropis
Calotropis (akund, milkweed, Aak) is an Apocynaceae genus of latex-bearing shrubs native to the Old World tropics, with three accepted species including C. procera and C. gigantea, used medicinally and as fiber plants.
Calotropis gigantea
Calotropis gigantea (crown flower, giant milkweed, madar) is an Apocynaceae shrub native to South China and tropical Asia, grown ornamentally, used in traditional medicine and fiber making, and an invasive weed in Africa, Australia, and the Pacific.
Calotropis procera
Calotropis procera (apple of sodom, calotrope, rubber bush, ushar) is a latex-bearing Apocynaceae shrub native from Africa to Indo-China, used in traditional medicine yet cardiotoxic, and an invasive weed infesting 1.8-3.7 million hectares of northern Australia.
Caltha
Caltha, the marsh marigolds or kingcups, is a genus of about 16 accepted species of wetland perennial herbs in Ranunculaceae, type species Caltha palustris, native to temperate and boreal regions of both hemispheres with Southern Hemisphere endemics.