2,112 articles
Gleditsia
Gleditsia (locusts, honeylocusts) is a genus of 13 accepted spiny deciduous legume trees in Fabaceae, native to Asia, North and South America; honey locust G. triacanthos is widely cultivated.
Gliricidia
Gliricidia (quickstick, madre de cacao) is a Fabaceae genus of five species native from Mexico to Peru; G. sepium is a nitrogen-fixing agroforestry tree used as green manure, fodder, and living fence across the tropics.
Gliricidia sepium
Gliricidia sepium (quickstick, madre de cacao) is a Fabaceae tree native from Mexico to Colombia, planted pantropically for fodder, green manure, shade, living fences, and fuelwood; toxic to rodents, IUCN least concern.
Glycine tabacina
Glycine tabacina (Variable Glycine), a perennial Fabaceae herb and wild soybean relative native from southern China and East Asia to Australia and the western Pacific; diploid B2B2 genome, 2n=40, with an allotetraploid complex and multiple polyploid origins.
Glycyrrhiza
Glycyrrhiza (licorice) is a Fabaceae genus of perennial herbs, mainly G. glabra, G. uralensis, and G. inflata, whose sweet roots contain glycyrrhizin, a 11β-HSD2 inhibitor causing pseudohyperaldosteronism at high intakes.
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice, licorice, sweet root, gan cao) is a Fabaceae perennial herb native from the central Mediterranean to Mongolia and Pakistan, cultivated for rhizomes containing glycyrrhizin, 50 times sweeter than sugar, used in confectionery, medicine, and tobacco, with hypertension risk from excess intake.
Glycyrrhiza uralensis
Glycyrrhiza uralensis (gan cao, Chinese licorice) is a perennial Fabaceae herb native from eastern European Russia to Siberia and Pakistan, whose dried root and rhizome are a core traditional Chinese medicine containing glycyrrhizin.
Gmelina arborea
Gmelina arborea (gamhar, yemane, white teak), Lamiaceae tree native Pakistan to southern China and Indo-China; fast-growing tropical plantation timber comparable to spruce, also pulp, fuel, and Ayurvedic medicine; IUCN Least Concern.
Gnaphalium
Gnaphalium (cudweed) is a woolly herbaceous genus of daisies (Asteraceae, tribe Gnaphalieae) published by Linnaeus in 1753, with about 36 accepted species in the strict sense, a temperate and subtropical worldwide range, and documented medicinal and food uses.
Gnaphalium uliginosum
Gnaphalium uliginosum (marsh cudweed, low cudweed, 湿生鼠麴草) is a woolly annual Asteraceae herb of damp temperate Northern Hemisphere habitats; lectotype of Gnaphalium, used in Russian and Balkan traditional medicine.
Goldenrod
Goldenrod (Solidago) is a genus of about 138 species of yellow-flowered perennial herbs in Asteraceae, mostly native to North America; blamed for hay fever but insect-pollinated, unlike ragweed.
Goldenseal
Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis, yellow root) is a North American woodland perennial with a yellow rhizone harvested for berberine and hydrastine; no proven health benefits, drug interactions, CITES Appendix II, IUCN Vulnerable.
Gomphrena
Gomphrena (globe amaranth) is a genus of about 100-144 Amaranthaceae herbs, type species G. globosa, native from the Americas to Australia, C4, polyphyletic per phylogenomics, grown as ornamental cut and dried flowers.
Gossypium
Gossypium (cotton genus), Malvaceae tribe Gossypieae; 20–50 tropical species, four independently domesticated; G. hirsutum and G. barbadense supply ~98% of world cotton fiber.
Gossypium arboreum
Gossypium arboreum (tree cotton, Desi cotton), A2-genome diploid cotton native to India and Sri Lanka, domesticated in the Indus Valley before 6000 BC; genome 1,746 Mb, short 1.3–1.5 cm fibers, independently domesticated from G. herbaceum.
Gossypium barbadense
Gossypium barbadense, Sea Island, Egyptian, or Pima cotton, is a South American shrub domesticated near Guayaquil about 8,000 years ago, grown for extra-long-staple fiber longer, finer, and stronger than Upland cotton but lower yielding.
Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum, upland cotton, is the tetraploid species behind over 90% of world cotton, domesticated about 5,500 years ago on Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula from wild perennial ancestors.
Grape
Grape, fruit of Vitis vinifera (grapevine), a climbing vine eaten fresh, dried as raisins, or made into wine and juice; 77.7 million t of fresh grapes in 2024, led by China, Italy, and the USA, with Near East domestication origin.
Grape syrup
Grape syrup, also called pekmez, petimezi, dibs, saba, or arrope, is a molasses-like sweetener made by boiling down unfermented grape juice, typically 65–80% soluble solids, with Roman roots (defrutum, sapa) and codex limits on its fructose/glucose ratio.
Grevillea
Grevillea is a genus of about 360 to 400 species of shrubs and trees in the Proteaceae family, nearly all endemic to Australia and grown for their bird-attracting flowers.
Grewia
Grewia is a genus of Malvaceae shrubs and small trees of the tropical Old World, named for Nehemiah Grew; about 276 accepted species, including phalsa (Grewia asiatica), yield edible fruit, fiber, and medicinal phytochemicals.
Grits
Grits: coarsely ground corn, usually dent corn or nixtamalized hominy, boiled into porridge; a staple of Southern U.S. cuisine with Indigenous, African American, and European roots, known for shrimp and grits and distinguished from Italian polenta.
Grove (nature)
Grove (nature): a small group of trees, wild or planted, distinct from a forest by extent and lack of undergrowth; also sacred groves protected by religion worldwide.
Guarea
Guarea (F.Allam. ex L., nom. cons., 1771) is a Neotropical genus of Meliaceae trees, second largest American mahogany genus after Trichilia, with about 70 species from Mexico to Argentina, terminal-bud leaves, bird-dispersed sarcotestate seeds, and limonoid-rich chemistry.
Guava
Guava (Amrood, Peyara) is a tropical fruit tree of the myrtle family, an evergreen shrub or small tree grown throughout the tropics for its sweet aromatic fruit.
Guazuma
Guazuma is a genus of four Malvaceae tree species native to Mexico and tropical America; its best-known species, G. ulmifolia (mutamba, West Indian elm), provides timber, livestock forage, and medicinal proanthocyanidins.
Guazuma ulmifolia
Guazuma ulmifolia (West Indian elm, bastard cedar, mutamba, guácimo) is a neotropical Malvaceae tree from Mexico to tropical America, a Least Concern multipurpose timber, fodder, fuel, and medicinal species with tannin-rich bark.
Guizotia
Guizotia is an African Asteraceae genus of seven species, including the oilseed crop niger or noug (Guizotia abyssinica), cultivated in Ethiopia and India for linoleic-acid-rich edible oil, birdseed, and animal feed.
Gymnema sylvestre
Gymnema sylvestre (gurmar), an Apocynaceae liana native to the Old World tropics; its gymnemic acids block the human sweet receptor T1R2+T1R3 for 30-60 minutes and it is studied, so far in low-quality trials, for blood glucose lowering.
Gynoecium
Gynoecium: the female reproductive whorl of a flower, made of one or more carpels (stigma, style, ovary). Apocarpous carpels are free, syncarpous fused; it becomes the fruit.