Other flowering plants

Phyla

Phyla (frog fruit, matchweed) is a small genus of creeping Verbenaceae herbs in tribe Lantaneae, unique for malpighiaceous hairs; revisions reduced it from five species to two, P. betulifolia and the widespread P. nodiflora.

Phyllanthaceae

Phyllanthaceae Martinov, the leaf-flower family, is a pantropical family of about 60 genera and 2,000 species in Malpighiales, segregated from Euphorbiaceae sensu lato since APG II (2003), with two ovules per locule, no latex, and Phyllanthus as its largest genus.

Phyllanthus

Phyllanthus (leafflower), a large pantropical genus of Phyllanthaceae established by Linnaeus in 1753, with 700 to 1270 species depending on circumscription; paraphyletic with Breynia, Glochidion, Synostemon nested; many species used medicinally.

Phyllanthus amarus

Phyllanthus amarus (Bhumyamalaki, stone breaker) is a pantropical annual herb, native to the Americas, used in Ayurveda for liver disorders; marker lignans phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin; often confused with P. niruri; Cochrane finds no convincing HBV benefit.

Phyllanthus emblica

Phyllanthus emblica (syn. Emblica officinalis), Indian gooseberry or amla, an Asian Phyllanthaceae tree whose vitamin C-rich fruit is used in Ayurveda and shows lipid-lowering effects in randomized trials.

Physalis peruviana

Physalis peruviana, the Cape gooseberry or goldenberry (uchuva, aguaymanto), is a Solanaceae herb of Andean South America grown for yellow berries in papery husks; Colombia produces about 90% of world output.

Phytolacca

Phytolacca (pokeweed, pokeroot, inkberry) is a genus of 27 accepted species in Phytolaccaceae, native to the Americas, Africa, Madagascar, and Asia; toxic, saponin-rich, with medicinal, dye, and molluscicidal uses.

Phytolacca americana

Phytolacca americana, American pokeweed or pokeberry, is a toxic perennial herb native to eastern North America, with black berry racemes, used as poke salad and ink, invasive in China and Europe.

Phytolaccaceae

Phytolaccaceae (pokeweed family), R.Br. 1818, nom. cons., a Caryophyllales flowering-plant family; broad sense 17 genera, 70–80 species, polyphyletic; strict sense Anisomeria, Ercilla, Phytolacca; type genus Phytolacca.

Piccalilli

Piccalilli: a British pickle relish of onions, cauliflower, and cucumber in a turmeric-yellow mustard sauce, first recorded 1769 as piccalillo; in America the name covers chopped pepper, tomato, or chow-chow-style relishes.

Picris

Picris (oxtongues) is a genus of 46 accepted species of Asteraceae herbs in tribe Cichorieae, subtribe Hypochaeridinae, named by Linnaeus in 1753, native to the temperate and subtropical Old World and Australia, with P. hieracioides as type species.

Pieris

Pieris names two genera: Pieris D.Don (1834), about nine Ericaceae shrub species from Himalaya to East Asia and eastern North America, and Pieris Schrank, 1801, the Pieridae white butterflies including Pieris napi.

Pigeon pea

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), also red gram or gungo pea, is a drought-resistant tropical legume shrub domesticated in India from C. cajanifolius, grown on about 6 million ha for protein-rich seeds, fodder, and soil-improving nitrogen fixation.

Pilea

Pilea (Urticaceae) is the largest genus in the nettle family, about 614–715 species of succulent herbs across tropical America and the Old World, with explosive flowers, catapulted seeds, and the houseplant Chinese money plant.

Pilea peperomioides

Pilea peperomioides (镜面草), the Chinese money plant, is a Urticaceae perennial native to SW Sichuan and W Yunnan, China, brought to Norway in 1946 by missionary Agnar Espergen, propagated by offsets and cuttings, and known for round peltate leaves.

Pilosella

Pilosella (hawkweeds) is a genus of Asteraceae, tribe Cichorieae, formerly a subgenus of Hieracium, distinguished by stolons, one-rowed pappus, and facultative aposporous apomixis controlled by LOA and LOP loci; includes the weed and medicinal plant P. officinarum.

Pilosocereus royenii

Pilosocereus royenii, Royen's tree cactus, is a spiny tree-like Caribbean cactus from Mexico and the Antilles; taxonomically disputed (synonym of P. polygonus per Kew), bee-pollinated in Puerto Rico, Least Concern, CITES Appendix II.

Pinguicula

Pinguicula, butterworts, a genus of about 130 carnivorous herbs in Lentibulariaceae with sticky flypaper leaves; Northern Hemisphere distribution, centers in Mexico/Caribbean and Europe, first carnivorous genus with CAM photosynthesis.

Piper (plant)

Piper, also known as the Piper genus, is a genus of flowering plants in the pepper family, comprising roughly 2,400 to 2,600 tropical species including black pepper and betel.

Piper aduncum

Piper aduncum (spiked pepper, matico) is a 2–7 m Piperaceae shrub native from Mexico to tropical South America, invasive in the Pacific and Southeast Asia, used in traditional medicine and as a dillapiol-rich essential oil source.

Piperaceae

Piperaceae, the pepper family, is a pantropical Piperales family of five genera and 3,000–3,600 species, dominated by Piper (black pepper, betel, kava) and Peperomia, with three subfamilies and a Late Cretaceous fossil record.

Piperales

Piperales, a magnoliid order of flowering plants (pepper family, Piperaceae; birthwort family, Aristolochiaceae), about 4,200 species in 16 genera, largest angiosperm order outside eudicots and monocots, includes black pepper Piper nigrum.

Pistachio

Pistachio, the nut of Pistacia vera, a dioecious wind-pollinated Anacardiaceae tree native to Central Asia and northeast Iran; alternate-bearing crop led by the United States, with mandatory aflatoxin testing and about 3 acre-feet water per acre in California.

Pistacia atlantica

Pistacia atlantica (Atlas pistachio, Mt. Atlas mastic tree, Bétoum) is an Anacardiaceae tree native from the Canary Islands and Mediterranean to the W. Himalaya, drought-tolerant, resin- and gall-producing, IUCN near threatened.

Pistacia lentiscus

Pistacia lentiscus, the mastic tree or lentisk, a Mediterranean Anacardiaceae shrub; source of mastic resin, Chios mastic gum (var. chia), EMA traditional herbal medicine for dyspepsia and minor wounds.

Pistacia terebinthus

Pistacia terebinthus, the terebinth or turpentine tree, is a Mediterranean Anacardiaceae shrub or tree; fruit eaten as snack or coffee-like drink, resin used medicinally, IUCN Least Concern.

Pitcher plant

Pitcher plants are carnivorous plants with pitfall-trap leaves that digest prey in fluid; unrelated lineages Nepenthes, Sarracenia, Darlingtonia, Heliamphora, and Cephalotus evolved them independently in nutrient-poor wetlands.

Pithecellobium

Pithecellobium (blackbead) is a genus of spiny mimosoid legume trees and shrubs in Fabaceae, tribe Ingeae, native from Mexico to Brazil and Florida to the Caribbean, with about 21 accepted species including the Madras thorn, Pithecellobium dulce.

Pithecellobium dulce

Pithecellobium dulce, Manila tamarind, Madras thorn, guamúchil, kamachile: a spiny Fabaceae tree native from Mexico to Peru, grown for its sweet edible seed aril, fodder, and timber, and invasive in Hawaii, Florida, and India.