2,112 articles
Antirrhinum
Antirrhinum (snapdragons), a Mediterranean genus of Plantaginaceae with about 20-24 diploid species (2n=16), whose type species Antirrhinum majus is a leading model for flower development genetics, the ABC model, and bee-pollinated personate flowers.
Antirrhinum majus
Antirrhinum majus, the garden snapdragon (muflier), a Plantaginaceae species native to Spain and France, self-compatible, bee-pollinated, and a model plant in genetics with a 510 Mb genome.
Apiaceae
Apiaceae, also known as Umbelliferae, is the carrot or parsley family, a family of aromatic flowering herbs whose flowers grow in umbrella-shaped clusters called umbels.
Apiales
Apiales, also known as Araliales, is an order of flowering plants containing the carrot family Apiaceae and the ginseng or ivy family Araliaceae, along with five smaller families.
Apium
Apium is a genus of Apiaceae (carrot family, order Apiales) herbs published by Linnaeus in 1753, with about 18-30 species of temperate and subtropical Old World to South America; its type species Apium graveolens is celery, cultivated as stalk celery, celeriac, and leafy smallage.
Apium graveolens
Apium graveolens (celery) is a biennial Apiaceae herb native from Macaronesia to the W. Himalaya, with three cultivar groups: stalk celery (var. dulce), celeriac (var. rapaceum), and leaf celery (var. secalinum); trials suggest modest cardiometabolic benefits.
Apocynaceae
Apocynaceae (dogbane family), formerly including Asclepiadaceae and Periplocaceae, is a large Gentianales flowering-plant family of about 392 genera and 5,747 species, mostly tropical, with milky latex, gynostegia, pollinia, and medicinal plants like Catharanthus roseus.
Apocynum
Apocynum (dogbane, Indian hemp) is a genus of Apocynaceae herbs native from SE/E Europe to W China and North America, with milky latex, paired follicles, and species including A. cannabinum, A. androsaemifolium, and A. venetum (Luobuma).
Apocynum androsaemifolium
Apocynum androsaemifolium (spreading dogbane, bitter-root) is a rhizomatous, poisonous perennial herb of the dogbane family, native from Subarctic America to NE Mexico, type species of Apocynum, hybridizing with A. cannabinum.
Apricot
Apricot (Prunus armeniaca), a Rosaceae stone fruit from Central Asia with two domestication events; Turkey leads fresh production (1.27 Mt, 2024) and Türkiye dominates dried apricots; kernels contain toxic amygdalin.
Apricot kernel
Apricot kernel (Prunus armeniaca seed, amygdalin, laetrile, vitamin B17): seed inside the apricot pit; contains amygdalin that releases cyanide; no evidence it treats cancer; sale restricted in AU/NZ and EU.
Aquifoliaceae
Aquifoliaceae (holly family, Ilicaceae synonym) is a monogeneric flowering plant family in Aquifoliales, campanulids: Ilex, ca. 500-600 dioecious tree and shrub species, drupes with pyrenes, source of yerba mate and ornamental hollies.
Aquifoliales
Aquifoliales (Senft, 1856) is an accepted order of campanulid flowering plants with five families, Aquifoliaceae, Cardiopteridaceae, Helwingiaceae, Phyllonomaceae, and Stemonuraceae; synonyms Ilicales, Cardiopteridales, Helwingiales; best known for hollies, Ilex.
Aquilaria malaccensis
Aquilaria malaccensis (agarwood, karas) is a Critically Endangered Thymelaeaceae tree from Bangladesh to Malesia, the preferred agarwood source for Middle Eastern and Indian perfumery, CITES Appendix II listed since 1995, with wild populations down over 80%.
Aquilegia
Aquilegia (columbine) is a Ranunculaceae genus of about 130 perennial species native from the temperate Northern Hemisphere to Guatemala, known for petal nectar spurs that evolved 5-7 million years ago and track pollinator tongue length.
Aquilegia canadensis
Aquilegia canadensis (red columbine, wild columbine), a Ranunculaceae perennial native from Central and Eastern Canada to NE Mexico; nodding red spurred flowers, highly self-compatible, mean 75% selfing, strong inbreeding depression (δ≈0.88).
Aquilegia vulgaris
Aquilegia vulgaris (common columbine, granny's bonnets) is a European perennial Ranunculaceae herb with nodding blue-violet flowers and short hooked nectar spurs, bumblebee-pollinated, type species of Aquilegia, toxic (cyanogenic glucosides), widely cultivated and naturalized.
Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis is a genus of nine Brassicaceae species, led by Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress), the first plant genome sequenced (2000, about 125 Mb, five chromosomes) and the standard model organism of plant biology.
Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thaliana, or thale cress, is a small flowering plant in the mustard family and a central model organism in plant biology, with the first fully sequenced plant genome.
Arabis
Arabis (rockcress) is a genus of Brassicaceae, tribe Arabideae, type species Arabis alpina, with roughly 70-100 accepted Northern Hemisphere temperate-alpine species and a paraphyletic, repeatedly revised circumscription.
Arachis
Arachis (peanut genus) is a South American legume genus in Fabaceae, tribe Dalbergieae, with about 69-84 species in nine sections; its type species Arachis hypogaea is the allotetraploid cultivated peanut derived from A. duranensis and A. ipaensis.
Arachis pintoi
Arachis pintoi (pinto peanut, forage peanut, maní forrajero), a stoloniferous perennial Fabaceae legume from central Brazil, used as tropical forage, cover crop, and living mulch; fixes 88–244 kg N/ha/yr; cultivar Amarillo; high invasion risk in Florida.
Aralia racemosa
Aralia racemosa, American spikenard (grande salsepareille), a thornless 60-180 cm herbaceous perennial of Araliaceae native to eastern North America, with aromatic roots once used in root beer and folk medicine.
Araliaceae
Araliaceae (ginseng or ivy family), Juss. 1789, order Apiales: 46 accepted genera, about 2,000 species of tropical and subtropical trees, shrubs, lianas, and herbs, including Panax, Hedera, Schefflera, and Polyscias.
Arbutus
Arbutus (madrones, strawberry trees) is a genus of 12 accepted evergreen Ericaceae species with red exfoliating bark, urn-shaped flowers, and berry fruit, native from Macaronesia and the Mediterranean to western Canada and Central America.
Arbutus unedo
Arbutus unedo, the strawberry tree (madroño, medronheiro), is a Mediterranean Ericaceae evergreen shrub or small tree with white urn-shaped autumn flowers and warty red fruits that ripen a year after flowering; used for medronho brandy, honey, and jams.
Arceuthobium
Arceuthobium (dwarf mistletoes), genus of hemi-parasitic flowering plants on conifers; 39 accepted species, conserved against Razoumofskya; explosive seed dispersal up to 16 m; major North American forest pathogen.
Arctium
Arctium (burdock) is a genus of about 10-11 biennial Asteraceae herbs native to temperate Eurasia, known for hooked burs that inspired Velcro, the edible and medicinal root of A. lappa, and introduced weedy status in North America.
Arctium lappa
Arctium lappa (greater burdock, gobō, niu bang 牛蒡) is a biennial Asteraceae herb native to temperate Eurasia, grown for its edible root in East Asia and studied medicinally for lignans arctiin and arctigenin.
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, bearberry or kinnikinnick, an Ericaceae subshrub whose arbutin-rich leaves are used traditionally for mild urinary tract infection symptoms in women; EU monograph limits use to one week.