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Trifolium repens
Trifolium repens, white or Dutch clover, is a stoloniferous perennial Fabaceae legume of Europe and the Mediterranean, grown worldwide for forage, nitrogen fixation, honey, and pollinator lawns.
Trifolium subterraneum
Trifolium subterraneum, subterranean clover or subclover, an annual Mediterranean pasture legume (Fabaceae) with three subspecies (subterraneum, yanninicum, brachycalycinum) that buries its seed pods underground, enabling self-regeneration in grazed pastures, notably in southern Australia.
Triglochin
Triglochin (arrow grass) is a genus of about 26-30 species of marsh herbs in Juncaginaceae, Alismatales, described by Linnaeus in 1753, cosmopolitan except Antarctica, with Australia as its diversity center.
Trigonella
Trigonella L. is a genus of Fabaceae herbs in tribe Trifolieae, including fenugreek (T. foenum-graecum), native to the Old World and Australia; molecular work moved medicagoids to Medicago and nested Melilotus within it.
Trillium
Trillium (trilliums) is a genus of about 52 accepted species of woodland herbs in Melanthiaceae, native from Afghanistan to temperate East Asia and North America, with three-parted flowers and ant-dispersed seeds.
Trillium grandiflorum
Trillium grandiflorum, white trillium or great white trillium, is a rhizomatous spring-ephemeral woodland herb of Melanthiaceae native to eastern North America, with three-petaled white flowers lasting 17–21 days, ant-dispersed seeds, and G5 conservation status.
Triplochiton
Triplochiton K.Schum. is a genus of two African timber trees in Malvaceae (Helicteroideae), including T. scleroxylon, the obeche or ayous whitewood, conserved against Triplochiton Alef. 1863.
Tripsacum
Tripsacum (gamagrass, gama grass) is a genus of perennial New World grasses in Poaceae, sister genus to maize (Zea), with about 15 species, apomictic polyploids, and a debated role in maize-origin theories.
Tripterygium
Tripterygium, East Asian Celastraceae vines including Thunder God Vine (Tripterygium wilfordii), source of triptolide and celastrol; potent anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive extracts with narrow therapeutic window and hepatotoxic, reproductive toxicity.
Tripterygium wilfordii
Tripterygium wilfordii, known as thunder god vine or lei gong teng, is a woody vine native to southern China used in traditional Chinese medicine and studied for rheumatoid arthritis.
Trisetum
Trisetum (oatgrass) is a genus of perennial Poaceae grasses published by Persoon in 1805, type species T. flavescens, formerly about 70 species but now reduced by molecular phylogenetics to roughly eight or fewer.
Trisetum flavescens
Trisetum flavescens (yellow oatgrass, golden oat grass, Goldhafer) is a perennial Eurasian meadow grass of Poaceae, type and only species of Trisetum after a 2025 revision; a forage grass containing calcinogenic vitamin D3 glycosides.
Triticum
Triticum (wheats) is a Poaceae genus native from the Mediterranean to Central Asia and NW India. Contains bread wheat T. aestivum (BBAADD hexaploid, formed 8,500–9,000 years ago with Aegilops tauschii), five accepted species, ploidy 14–42 chromosomes.
Trollius
Trollius (globeflowers) is a genus of perennial Ranunculaceae herbs of the Northern Hemisphere, centered in East Asia, with medicinal species such as T. chinensis and three plastome-defined clades led by T. lilacinus.
Tropaeolum
Tropaeolum, the nasturtium genus (nasturtiums, Indian cress), is a Brassicales genus of 93 accepted species in Tropaeolaceae, native from Mexico to southern South America; includes garden nasturtium T. majus and the Andean tuber crop mashua.
Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests
Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests, a WWF terrestrial biome of high-elevation pine and pine-oak forests, mainly in North and Central America, with about 9.8 million hectares of strictly tropical conifer forest, fire-driven regeneration, and the Central American pine-oak forests as its largest ecoregion.
Tsampa (རྩམ་པ)
Tsampa (རྩམ་པ; 糌粑, Zanba) is roasted highland barley flour, the no-cook staple food of Tibetan and Himalayan foodways, kneaded with butter tea into dough and central to plateau agriculture, trade, and ceremony.
Tsuga (栂)
Tsuga (栂, tsuga), the hemlocks, is a genus of about 10 Pinaceae conifers native to East Asia and North America, with pendent cones and peglike leaf cushions; it originated in North America in the late Oligocene and spread to Asia via Beringia, and eastern species are threatened by the hemlock woolly adelgid.
Tsuga canadensis
Tsuga canadensis, eastern or Canada hemlock, a shade-tolerant, long-lived conifer of eastern North America; foundation species of ravine and cove forests, now imperiled by the hemlock woolly adelgid and climate change.
Tsuga heterophylla
Tsuga heterophylla, the western hemlock, is a large coniferous tree in the pine family, native from southern Alaska to central California and important for timber.
Tsuga mertensiana
Tsuga mertensiana, mountain hemlock (also alpine hemlock, hemlock spruce), a slow-growing subalpine conifer of the Pacific coast and northern Rockies from Alaska to the Sierra Nevada, reaching 800+ years, with radially arranged needles and large purple cones.
Tteok (떡)
Tteok (떡), Korean rice cake, is a family of steamed, pounded, boiled, or fried rice-flour cakes central to Korean holidays and rituals; tteokguk at Seollal, songpyeon at Chuseok, national intangible heritage since 2021.
Tuber
Tuber: a swollen underground stem storage organ, as in potato, formed from a stolon and bearing buds (eyes); distinct from tuberous roots like sweet potato, and controlled by phloem-mobile StSP6A signaling.
Tulip
Tulip (Tulipa L., Liliaceae): bulbous genus of about 95-98 species native from Europe and the Mediterranean to Mongolia; garden tulip T. gesneriana; Central Asian origin; Tulipmania 1633-1637; many wild species threatened.
Tulip breaking virus
Tulip breaking virus (TBV), a potyvirus spread by aphids, causes the striped "broken" tulips prized in 17th-century Dutch Tulipomania; proven viral by Dorothy Cayley in 1928, it disrupts anthocyanin pigment in pink, red, and purple cultivars.
Tulip cultivation
Tulip cultivation is the horticulture of growing tulips, covering bulb production, greenhouse forcing, classifying 15 cultivar divisions, and breeding; the Netherlands grows about 70% of the world's bulbs.
Tulipa agenensis
Tulipa agenensis (eyeball tulip, Tulipe d'Agen) is an eastern Mediterranean wild tulip in Liliaceae, native from Cyprus and Palestine to Türkiye, naturalized in Greece and France, with 43 synonyms including T. oculus-solis and T. praecox.
Tulipa biflora
Tulipa biflora (two-flowered tulip, Tulipa polychroma synonym) is a small white-flowered bulbous geophyte in Liliaceae, native from the Balkans and Crimea to Egypt and Xinjiang, and the center of a polyphyletic species complex in subgenus Eriostemones.
Tulipa fosteriana
Tulipa fosteriana is a wild tulip species of the lily family, native from Central Asia to Afghanistan, and one of the two main wild ancestors of commercial cut-flower tulips.
Tulipa kaufmanniana
Tulipa kaufmanniana, the water lily tulip, is a Central Asian wild tulip described by Regel in 1877, with short stems, yellow-eyed cup-shaped flowers, and the early-flowering Kaufmanniana Group of garden cultivars; IUCN Near Threatened.