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Astronium
Astronium Jacq. (Anacardiaceae) is a neotropical genus of about 12-13 hardwood tree species, type species A. graveolens, ranging from Mexico to northern Argentina; sources of tigerwood and gonçalo-alves timber.
Astronium urundeuva
Astronium urundeuva (allemão) Engl., aroeira or urunday, a South American Anacardiaceae timber tree; a synonym of Myracrodruon urundeuva, native to Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina, IUCN Least Concern.
Astrophytum capricorne
Astrophytum capricorne, the goat's horn cactus, is a globose NE Mexican cactus with white-flecked 7-9-ribbed stems, twisted goat-horn-like spines, and large yellow red-throated summer flowers; IUCN least concern, CITES Appendix II, RHS AGM.
Atractylis
Atractylis L. (glue thistle group) is a Mediterranean-to-Pakistan genus of spiny Asteraceae herbs in tribe Cardueae, described by Linnaeus in 1753; A. gummifera is fatally toxic via atractyloside.
Atractylodes
Atractylodes (苍术, 白术) is an East Asian Asteraceae genus of medicinal rhizome herbs; Kew accepts 4 species, with 371 isolated compounds dominated by sesquiterpenes and polyacetylenes like atractylenolides and atractylodin.
Atractylodes macrocephala
Atractylodes macrocephala (Baizhu, 白术) is an Asteraceae perennial herb of East Asia whose dried rhizome is a major traditional Chinese medicine tonic for the spleen, with 79+ isolated compounds including atractylenolides I-III.
Atriplex
Atriplex (orache, saltbush) is the largest genus of Amaranthaceae, about 250-260 species of C3 and C4 herbs and shrubs of deserts and saline habitats, originating in Oligocene Asia with diversity centers in Australia and the New World.
Atropa
Atropa is a small genus of perennial herbs in Solanaceae, tribe Hyoscyameae, named for the Greek Fate Atropos. Its six species, including deadly nightshade (Atropa bella-donna), contain toxic tropane alkaloids such as atropine and scopolamine.
Atropa belladonna
Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade), Solanaceae perennial herb native to Europe to N. Iran and NW. Africa; purple bell flowers, black glossy berries with 0.65% tropane alkaloids; source of atropine, first isolated 1831.
Attalea (palm)
Attalea is a genus of solitary, pinnate-leaved palms native from Mexico to Bolivia, Paraguay, and the Caribbean, known for massive species with some of the largest palm fruits.
Attalea crassispatha
Attalea crassispatha, also known as Maximiliana crassispatha or Orbignya crassispatha, is the carossier palm, a critically endangered Haitian palm of which only about 25 survive in the wild.
Attalea speciosa
Attalea speciosa (babassu, babaçu; syn. Orbignya phalerata) is a South American palm from Suriname to Bolivia whose lauric-acid-rich kernel oil supports over 300,000 Brazilian extractivists; IUCN Least Concern.
Aucuba
Aucuba (Japanese laurel, spotted laurel, gold dust plant; アオキ) is a genus of ten evergreen Asian shrubs in Garryaceae, dioecious, shade- and drought-tolerant, with Aucuba japonica widely grown as a variegated ornamental with red berries.
Aurinia
Aurinia (L.) Desv., goldentuft or basket of gold, is a genus of 7 Brassicaceae species native to central and southeastern Europe to Türkiye; A. saxatilis is a popular yellow rock-garden perennial.
Avena
Avena is the grass genus containing oats, with 29 accepted species native from Macaronesia and temperate Eurasia to North Africa and Kenya. Cultivated oat Avena sativa was domesticated from wild A. sterilis about 3,000 years ago; species span diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid (AACCDD) ploidy levels.
Avena barbata
Avena barbata, slender wild oat or barbed oat, is a selfing tetraploid annual grass (2n=28) native from the Mediterranean to Central Asia, introduced to California where it evolved mesic and xeric ecotypes from at least three introductions.
Avena fatua
Avena fatua (wild oat, 野燕麦) is an annual hexaploid grass weed of cereal crops, native to temperate Eurasia and North Africa, causing up to 70% yield losses and evolving ACCase and ALS herbicide resistance.
Avena sterilis
Avena sterilis (sterile oat, animated oat, winter wild oat) is a hexaploid annual wild grass native from the Mediterranean to the western Himalaya, a major cereal weed, hypothesized progenitor of cultivated oats, with documented ACCase, ALS, and glyphosate resistance.
Avena strigosa
Avena strigosa, black oat or bristle oat, is a diploid cultivated oat (2n=14, As-genome) originating in the Iberian Peninsula, first cultivated in Neolithic Europe, now grown mainly in Brazil as forage and no-till cover crop.
Averrhoa
Averrhoa is a genus of five Oxalidaceae tree species native from Java to New Guinea, including star fruit (A. carambola) and bilimbi (A. bilimbi), cultivated fruits containing neurotoxic caramboxin and oxalic acid.
Averrhoa bilimbi
Averrhoa bilimbi, or tree sorrel, is a small tropical tree in the Oxalidaceae family, native to Malesia and grown for its extremely sour, cucumber-shaped fruit used in cooking.
Avicennia
Avicennia is a genus of eight accepted species of mangrove trees and shrubs in the Acanthaceae family, distinguished by salt-secreting leaf glands, non-dormant seeds, and aerial roots.
Avicennia germinans
Avicennia germinans, black mangrove, is an Acanthaceae mangrove tree native from the SE United States and Caribbean to South America and West Tropical Africa to Angola, with pneumatophores, salt-excreting leaves, and major blue carbon storage.
Awamori (泡盛)
Awamori (泡盛), or Ryukyu awamori, is Okinawa's traditional pot-still distilled rice spirit made with Thai indica rice and black koji mold (Aspergillus luchuensis) via whole koji preparation; aged three years or more it is called kusu, and it is Japan's oldest distilled spirit.
Award of Garden Merit tulip cultivars
AGM tulip cultivars are Tulipa varieties granted the RHS Award of Garden Merit, renamed RHS Recommended: AGM in 2026, after Wisley trials; recent trials awarded 28–29 new AGMs per group, e.g. 'Queen of Night'.
Axonopus
Axonopus (carpet grasses) is a genus of about 80-90 Poaceae grasses, tribe Paspaleae, mostly Neotropical, defined by inverse spikelet position; A. compressus and A. fissifolius are tropical lawn and pasture grasses.
Axonopus compressus
Axonopus compressus (broadleaf carpetgrass, blanket grass), a stoloniferous Poaceae grass native to tropical and subtropical America, used as lawn turf, forage, and erosion-control cover crop across the humid tropics.
Azadirachta
Azadirachta A.Juss. (1830), a two-species genus of Meliaceae trees: neem (Azadirachta indica) and A. excelsa, native to tropical Asia, source of the insecticidal limonoid azadirachtin.
Azadirachta indica
Azadirachta indica, neem or margosa, a Meliaceae evergreen tree native from Assam to Indo-China, planted across dry tropics; source of azadirachtin, a limonoid insecticide sensitive to over 550 insect species.
Azorella
Azorella (yareta, llareta) is a genus of 58 cushion-forming Apiaceae species native from Costa Rica and the Andes to subantarctic islands, Australia, and New Zealand, including the giant long-lived Andean yareta Azorella compacta.