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Copernicia
Copernicia (Brazilian wax palm) is a genus of fan-leaved palms native to the Caribbean and South Tropical America; its species C. prunifera, the carnauba palm of northeastern Brazil, yields carnauba wax used in cosmetics, food, and polishes.
Copra
Copra: dried coconut kernel, the raw material for coconut oil and copra meal; dried from 50% to about 6% moisture, about 70% oil; distinct from fresh-process virgin coconut oil.
Coprosma
Coprosma (mirror plant, karamū) is a genus of about 120 dioecious, wind-pollinated Rubiaceae shrubs centered in New Zealand, spread across the Pacific by birds, with fleshy orange to purple-black drupes.
Coptis
Coptis (goldthread, huanglian 黄连) is a Ranunculaceae genus of about 15–18 species disjunctly distributed in East Asia and North America; its alkaloid-rich rhizome (Rhizoma Coptidis) yields berberine and coptisine for traditional Chinese medicine.
Coptis chinensis
Coptis chinensis (黄连, huanglian, Chinese goldthread), a Ranunculaceae herb whose dried rhizome (Coptidis rhizoma) is used in Chinese medicine; main source of berberine, with studied lipid, IBS, and diabetes evidence.
Corchorus
Corchorus is a pantropical Malvaceae genus of about 74 species, including C. capsularis and C. olitorius, the two jute fiber crops, whose leaves are also eaten and used in folk medicine.
Corchorus olitorius
Corchorus olitorius (jute mallow, molokhia, ewedu) is an annual Malvaceae herb of the tropical Old World grown for edible mucilaginous leaves and jute fiber; leaves provide 207 mg calcium and 6.3 mg iron per 100 g.
Cordia alliodora
Cordia alliodora (laurel, solera, nogal cafetero), a Boraginaceae timber tree native from Mexico to Argentina, grown for mahogany-like wood and as shade over coffee and cacao; fast-growing, IUCN Least Concern, invasive in parts of the Pacific.
Cordia subcordata
Cordia subcordata (kou, mareer, sea trumpet, kerosene tree) is a coastal Pacific and Indian Ocean borage-family tree with orange funnel-shaped heterostylous flowers, floating corky fruits, prized carving wood, and IUCN Least Concern status.
Cordyline
Cordyline, Asparagaceae genus of 15-17 shrub/tree species from Australasia and the Pacific; includes cabbage tree (C. australis, ti kouka) and ti plant (C. fruticosa), used for food, fibre, medicine, ornament.
Cordyline fruticosa
Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A.Chev., the ti plant or good luck plant (syn. Cordyline terminalis), is an Asparagaceae shrub native to Papuasia and the western Pacific, spread through Polynesia, used for food wrapping, medicine, and ceremony, with 255 synonyms.
Coreopsis
Coreopsis (tickseed) is a genus of Asteraceae flowering plants native to North America, Hispaniola, and Peru, first published by Linnaeus in 1753. Species counts vary by treatment (39 accepted by Kew; about 120 in older floras); C. lanceolata is invasive in Japan.
Coriaria
Coriaria, sole genus of Coriariaceae in Cucurbitales, is a shrub genus with a strikingly disjunct Mediterranean, Himalayan, Australasian, and American distribution, nitrogen-fixing root nodules, and picrotoxin-like toxins (tutin, coriamyrtin).
Corm
Corm: a short, solid, swollen underground stem with a basal plate, terminal bud, and papery tunic that stores food for plants such as crocus, gladiolus, crocosmia, and cyclamen; unlike a bulb it is stem tissue, and each corm is annually replaced.
Cormus domestica
Cormus domestica, the true service tree (syn. Sorbus domestica L.), is a monospecific Rosaceae genus and wild fruit tree of southern Europe and northwest Africa, with bletted sorb-apple fruits, fissured bark, and a disputed taxonomy between Cormus, Sorbus, and Pyrus.
Corn bran arabinoxylan
Corn bran arabinoxylan, a highly branched cereal hemicellulose from maize bran (soluble corn fiber, AgriFiber SFC), with 74–90% dietary fiber, GRAS status via GRN 1073, and slow-fermenting prebiotic properties.
Corn hull fiber
Corn hull fiber: dietary fiber ingredient from corn pericarp/hull milling co-products; GRAS under FDA GRN 427 (Z Trim Holdings, 2012), used at 0.25–3.0% as formulation aid and fiber source in foods.
Corn kernel
A corn kernel, also called the maize kernel, is the seed of the maize plant, made up of a germ, a starchy endosperm, and an outer pericarp.
Corn nut
Corn nuts are whole corn kernels, typically Cuzco giant white corn, soaked and then roasted or deep-fried until hard and crunchy; despite the name they contain no nuts. The US commercial version began in Oakland, California in 1936, and the CORN NUTS brand is now owned by Hormel Foods.
Corn on the cob
Corn on the cob: cooked ear of sweet corn (Zea mays) eaten directly off the cob; even kernel rows, 500-1,000 kernels per ear, boiled, grilled, or frozen; USDA-graded.
Corn silk
Corn silk (Stigma maydis), the style and stigma of maize, is a corn by-product used in traditional Chinese medicine and as a GRAS flavoring; rich in flavonoids and polysaccharides with diuretic, hypoglycemic, and antioxidant effects studied mainly preclinically.
Corn starch
Corn starch (cornstarch, maize starch) is the starch from corn endosperm, about 80% of world starch production; granules 5–30 µm, 25–28% amylose, gelatinizes at 45–80 °C, used as thickener and industrial raw material.
Corn steep liquor
Corn steep liquor (CSL, condensed fermented corn extractives, CAS 66071-94-1) is a byproduct of corn wet milling: concentrated water-soluble corn steep extracts rich in amino acids and lactic acid, used in animal feed and fermentation media such as penicillin production.
Corn syrup
Corn syrup, also called glucose syrup, is made by partial hydrolysis of corn starch with acids or enzymes, yielding glucose, maltose, and higher saccharides; essentially 100% glucose, GRAS-affirmed, and the base for HFCS 42 and HFCS 55.
Corn tortilla
Corn tortilla: unleavened Mesoamerican flatbread of nixtamalized maize (masa), defined by Mexican NOM standards; ~30 g, 60 kcal each; staple of Mexico, base of the taco.
Cornaceae
Cornaceae (dogwood family), synonym Alangiaceae, a Cornales family of trees and shrubs with two accepted genera, Cornus and Alangium, inferior-ovaried 4-merous flowers, drupaceous fruit, and a late Cretaceous Northern Hemisphere origin.
Cornales
Cornales, the dogwood order, earliest-diverging asterid order of flowering plants; 10 families, 42 genera, ~605 species in five clades; mid-Cretaceous origin with rapid radiation and rich late Cretaceous fossil record.
Cornmeal
Cornmeal is dried field corn ground into meal, used for cornbread, mush, coatings, and porridges. Types include whole grain, stone-ground, bolted, and degerminated; related products are grits, polenta, corn flour, and masa harina.
Cornus
Cornus, known as dogwoods, is a genus of about 55 to 65 species of trees, shrubs, and a few herbs in the family Cornaceae, native across temperate Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas.
Cornus amomum
Cornus amomum, commonly called silky dogwood, is a deciduous dogwood shrub native to eastern North America, recognized by purple young stems, silky leaves, and clusters of blue fruits.