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Cupressus abramsiana
Cupressus abramsiana, also placed as Hesperocyparis abramsiana and called the Santa Cruz cypress, is a small endangered cypress tree endemic to California's Santa Cruz Mountains, where five populations survive.
Cupressus arizonica
Cupressus arizonica (Arizona cypress, Hesperocyparis arizonica) is a southwestern US and Mexican conifer with scalelike leaves and serotinous cones opened by fire, reproducing only from seed on bare mineral soil.
Cupressus macrocarpa
Cupressus macrocarpa, Monterey cypress, now Hesperocyparis macrocarpa, is a 25 m California cypress native only to two groves near Carmel, widely planted worldwide and CNPS-listed as rare.
Cupressus sempervirens
Cupressus sempervirens, the Mediterranean or Italian cypress, is an eastern Mediterranean evergreen conifer with columnar form, durable wood, winter-allergenic pollen, and newly bred low-pollen clones.
Cupressus stephensonii
Cupressus stephensonii, the Cuyamaca cypress (Hesperocyparis stephensonii), a rare cypress endemic to the Cuyamaca Mountains, San Diego County, California; cherry-red exfoliating bark, glaucous lemon-scented foliage, serotinous cones, NatureServe rank GX.
Curcuma
Curcuma is a genus of about 120 to 177 species of rhizomatous herbs in the ginger family, native to Southeast Asia and best known for turmeric.
Curio
Curio P.V.Heath is a genus of southern African succulent daisies (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) established in 1997 from Senecio, with 17 accepted species including string of pearls, Curio rowleyanus.
Curio rowleyanus
Curio rowleyanus (formerly Senecio rowleyanus), string of pearls or string of beads, is a South African trailing succulent in Asteraceae with spherical 5-8 mm windowed leaves, grown worldwide as a houseplant and mildly toxic if ingested.
Curry tree
Curry tree, Bergera koenigii (formerly Murraya koenigii), a small aromatic Rutaceae tree native to the Indian subcontinent to southern China; its pungent leaves are a South Indian cooking staple, with carbazole alkaloids and curry leaf oil.
Cuscuta
Cuscuta (dodder), genus of about 200-210 parasitic herbs in Convolvulaceae; obligate stem holoparasites lacking chlorophyll and roots, attaching via haustoria to host xylem and phloem; major agricultural weeds with broad, habitat-dependent host ranges.
Cyamopsis
Cyamopsis is a genus of four annual herbaceous Fabaceae legumes native to Africa, Arabia, and the Indian Subcontinent; its cultivated species guar (C. tetragonoloba, cluster bean) yields guar gum, a galactomannan thickener (INS 412) used in food and oil drilling, with India producing about 80% of the crop.
Cyanea
Cyanea Gaudich. is a genus of about 80 Hawaiian lobeliad trees and shrubs in Campanulaceae, all endemic to Hawai'i, arising from one colonization about 13 million years ago, pollinated by honeycreepers, with many species critically endangered.
Cycad
Cycads (Cycadales) are ancient dioecious gymnosperms with cones, palm-like leaves, and insect pollination, found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. About 300-350 species survive; 63.2% of assessed species are threatened, the highest proportion of any gymnosperm group.
Cycadaceae
Cycadaceae is the cycad family holding the single genus Cycas, about 100 to 125 species from Africa to the Pacific and Australia, defined by frond-like female megasporophylls and a Palaeogene crown age.
Cycadales
Cycadales (cycads): ancient dioecious gymnosperm order, two families, 10 genera, ~368-380 species, Permian origin, insect pollination, toxins cycasin and BMAA, 68% threatened with extinction.
Cycadeoidea
Cycadeoidea, named by Buckland in 1828, is an extinct bennettitalean genus of silicified cycad-like Mesozoic trunks with bisporangiate flower-like cones, distinct from true cycads in leaf traces and anatomy.
Cycas
Cycas is the sole genus of Cycadaceae, the sister lineage to all other cycads, with about 115 species from East Africa to the western Pacific, a Palaeogene crown age, and rapid Miocene radiations.
Cycas armstrongii
Cycas armstrongii is a fire-adapted cycad endemic to the Top End of Australia's Northern Territory, where dense stands in eucalypt savanna make it one of the world's most abundant cycads.
Cycas cultivation and horticulture
Cycas cultivation is the ornamental growing of Cycas, palm-like cycads including the sago palm (Cycas revoluta). It covers growing conditions, propagation from seed and offsets, pests, and toxicity.
Cycas media
Cycas media is a palm-like cycad of northern and eastern Australia, first described by Robert Brown in 1810, whose toxic seeds were a staple Aboriginal food after detoxification.
Cycas micronesica
Cycas micronesica, known in Chamorro as fadang, is a cycad native to Guam, Rota, Palau, and Yap whose populations collapsed after an invasive scale insect arrived in 2003.
Cycas revoluta
Cycas revoluta (sotetsu, sago cycad, Japanese sago palm) is a slow-growing dioecious cycad native to Fujian, the Ryukyus, Kyushu, Shikoku, and Taiwan; toxic cycasin-containing ornamental gymnosperm, IUCN Least Concern but threatened by the invasive cycad aulacaspis scale.
Cycas thouarsii
Cycas thouarsii is a trunk-forming cycad native to Madagascar, the Comoros, Aldabra, and East African coasts, reaching 10 m tall with distinctly bluish new leaves and buoyant seeds.
Cycasin
Cycasin (methylazoxymethanol beta-D-glucoside) is a carcinogenic, neurotoxic azoxyglycoside from cycads, isolated from Cycas revoluta seeds in 1955; gut bacterial beta-glucosidases release its toxic aglycone MAM.
Cyclamen
Cyclamen, genus of tuberous perennial herbs in Primulaceae, also called sowbread, native from Europe to Iran and NE Somalia; nodding reflexed-petaled flowers, tubers 2-24 cm, florist's cyclamen is C. persicum.
Cymbalaria
Cymbalaria (ivy-leaved toadflaxes, Kenilworth ivy) is a Plantaginaceae genus of about 9 to 17 Mediterranean perennial species of walls and cliffs, originating ca. 4 Ma, with C. muralis widely naturalized.
Cymbidium
Cymbidium, orchid genus described by Olof Swartz in 1799, with 92 accepted species native from tropical and subtropical Asia to Australia; cool-growing, pseudobulbous epiphytes flowering late autumn to spring, originating in the early Miocene near Indo-Burma.
Cymbopogon
Cymbopogon (lemongrass, citronella grass) is a genus of about 54 aromatic Poaceae grasses native to the Old World tropics, cultivated for essential oils such as citronellal and geraniol with antifungal, repellent, and cosmetic uses.
Cymbopogon citratus
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, lemongrass or West Indian lemongrass, is a tufted aromatic Poaceae grass native to southern India and Sri Lanka (Malesian origin also proposed), rarely flowering in cultivation, with citral-rich essential oil used in cooking, medicine, and perfumery.
Cymbopogon nardus
Cymbopogon nardus, Ceylon citronella or citronella grass, is a perennial Poaceae grass native from South Sudan to South Africa and Indo-China, source of Ceylon-type citronella oil rich in citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol, distinct from Java citronella (C. winterianus).