3,306 articles
Malpighiaceae
Malpighiaceae (Barbados cherry family), a Malpighiales family of trees, shrubs, and lianas; 72 genera, 1,499 species, mostly Neotropical; oil-secreting sepals pollinated by oil-collecting bees; 2024 monophyletic classification.
Malpighiales
Malpighiales is a large order of flowering plants (about 16,000 species, 36-42 families) in the rosid fabids, including Euphorbiaceae, Salicaceae, Malpighiaceae, and Rafflesiaceae; its deep phylogeny, long unresolved, was clarified by plastid phylogenomics.
Malting
Malting: controlled germination of cereal grains, chiefly barley (Hordeum vulgare), through steeping, germination, and kilning to produce malt for brewing, distilling, and food; quality measured by extract, diastatic power, and beta-glucan.
Malus
Malus (apple genus, crabapples) is a Rosaceae genus of 39 accepted species native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere; the domesticated apple M. domestica derives from M. sieversii of the Tian Shan via the Silk Road.
Malus pumila
Malus pumila Mill. (1768) is a botanical name for the cultivated apple, now a rejected synonym of Malus domestica; covers its nomenclature, Miller's Paradise Apple sense, and apple domestication from Malus sieversii.
Malus sylvestris
Malus sylvestris, the European wild apple or crab apple, is a small deciduous Rosaceae tree native to Europe and Türkiye, IUCN Data Deficient, and a major secondary genomic contributor to the cultivated apple Malus domestica.
Malva
Malva (mallows) is a genus of Malvaceae herbs first published in 1753, with about 54-60 species native from the Old World to Australia and SW USA to NW Mexico; includes M. sylvestris and M. neglecta, used as food, ornamentals, and traditional medicine.
Malva sylvestris
Malva sylvestris, common mallow, is a Malvaceae herb native from Macaronesia and Europe to Central Asia and the W. Himalaya, with pink-purple veined flowers, EU-approved traditional medicinal uses, and food use.
Malvaceae
Malvaceae, known as the mallow family, is a family of flowering plants with about 4,200 species, largely tropical to temperate, including cotton, okra, cacao, durian, hibiscus, and baobab.
Malvales
Malvales, an order of flowering plants (rosid, near Brassicales and Sapindales) with 10 families, ~6,100 species, including Malvaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Cistaceae; cotton, cocoa, durian; Upper Cretaceous origin.
Mammea
Mammea L. is a pantropical genus of tropical trees in Calophyllaceae, first published in 1753, with 45 accepted species per Kew and centres of diversity in Madagascar and Borneo; includes the mammee apple, Mammea americana.
Mammillaria
Mammillaria (pincushion cactus) is a large Cactaceae genus of small tuberculate cacti, 144 accepted species, native from central USA to Colombia and Venezuela, mostly Mexican, CITES Appendix II.
Mammillaria geminispina
Mammillaria geminispina, twin-spined cactus, is a clustering Mexican cactus in Cactaceae, described by Haworth in 1824, native to northeast Mexico to Veracruz, with 65 synonyms, CITES Appendix II listing, and RHS Award of Garden Merit.
Mammillaria hahniana
Mammillaria hahniana, the old lady cactus (biznaga vieja de la Sierra de Jalpan), is a white-woolly Mexican pincushion cactus described by Werdermann in 1929, native to northeastern Mexico, IUCN Near Threatened, CITES Appendix II.
Manchineel
Manchineel (Hippomane mancinella), also called beach apple or manzanilla de la muerte, is a highly toxic Euphorbiaceae tree of Caribbean and Central American coasts; sap, fruit, and even rainwater from its canopy cause blistering dermatitis and poisoning.
Mandragora
Mandragora (mandrake), a Solanaceae genus of four accepted species from the Mediterranean to the Tibetan Plateau, known for tropane alkaloids, ancient medicinal and mythological use, and an Eocene origin.
Mandragora officinarum
Mandragora officinarum, commonly called mandrake, is a perennial herb of the nightshade family native to the Mediterranean, used medicinally since antiquity and known for its human-shaped root in folklore.
Mandrake
Mandrake (Mandragora officinarum, Solanaceae), also called satan's apple, is a Mediterranean perennial herb with a human-shaped root containing atropine and scopolamine; used medicinally since 2000 BC and abandoned after volatile anaesthetics appeared.
Mangifera
Mangifera is a genus of about 64 accepted species of tropical Asian trees in Anacardiaceae, first published in 1753, including the mango Mangifera indica and many wild edible mango species.
Mangifera indica
Mangifera indica (mango), Anacardiaceae tree native from Assam to southern Yunnan, grown for its large drupe; two gene pools (Indian, Southeast Asian), 62 Mt production base, allergens Man i 1, 2, 4.
Mangosteen
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana, Thai มังคุด), the Queen of Fruits, a Southeast Asian evergreen tree with apomictic seeds, 5-6 year juvenile phase, Thailand the top producer, and gamboge as the main fruit quality disorder.
Manihot
Manihot is a genus of about 140 species of latex-producing shrubs and trees in the spurge family, native from the southern United States to northwestern Argentina.
Manilkara
Manilkara is a pantropical genus of about 75–78 Sapotaceae trees, source of chicle (Manilkara zapota), balata latex (M. bidentata), and heavy durable timber; African origin 32–29 Mya, three Pacific species moved to Abebaia in 2023.
Manilkara zapota
Manilkara zapota (sapodilla, chicle tree; syn. Achras zapota), a Sapotaceae tree native from Mexico to Colombia, grown for sweet brown fruit and formerly tapped for chicle chewing-gum latex; least concern, invasive in south Florida.
Manzanita
Manzanita (Arctostaphylos) is a largely Californian genus of Ericaceae shrubs with red peeling bark and apple-like drupes; fire-adapted, with obligate-seeder and burl-sprouting species, several rare and protected.
Maple
Maple (genus Acer, Sapindaceae), about 155 Northern Hemisphere tree species with lobed leaves and winged samaras; sugar maple and red maple dominate syrup, with Canada over 75% of world production.
Maple leaf
Maple leaf: the lobed leaf of Acer trees, emblem of Canada since the 19th century and centerpiece of the 11-point design on the National Flag of Canada (1965); also known for anthocyanin-driven red autumn coloration.
Marantaceae
Marantaceae R.Br., the prayer-plant or arrowroot family, is a pantropical Zingiberales family of rhizomatous herbs (about 530 species, 27-32 genera) with explosive style-movement pollination, including Maranta, Calathea, and Goeppertia ornamentals.
Maraschino cherry
Maraschino cherry: a preserved sweet cherry bleached in sulfite brine, sugared, dyed red, and almond-flavored (US style), or the original Marasca cherry candied in syrup by Luxardo since 1905; FDA name defined by 1940 TC-194.
Marigold
Marigold is a common name for several Asteraceae flowers: Calendula officinalis (pot marigold, W Mediterranean) and American Tagetes species (T. erecta African marigold, T. patula French marigold), grown ornamentally and for lutein carotenoids.