3,306 articles
Anthriscus sylvestris
Anthriscus sylvestris, known as cow parsley, wild chervil, or keck, is a biennial or perennial herb in the carrot family native to temperate Eurasia, bearing white flower umbels in late spring.
Anthurium
Anthurium (flamingo flower, laceleaf, tailflower) is the largest genus of Araceae, 800 to 1,300+ species native to tropical America, grown for cut flowers and potted plants, chiefly Anthurium andraeanum hybrids.
Anthurium andraeanum
Anthurium andraeanum (flamingo-lily) is an epiphytic Araceae species native to Colombia and Ecuador, progenitor of over 2,000 anthurium cultivars, discovered 1876, bred mainly in Hawaii and the Netherlands, constrained by Xanthomonas bacterial blight.
Anthyllis
Anthyllis (kidney vetches) is a genus of about 23 legume species (Fabaceae, tribe Loteae) native from Macaronesia and Europe to Iran and NE tropical Africa, with all 10 stamens united and non-lomentaceous fruits; A. vulneraria is the most widespread species.
Antiaris toxicaria
Antiaris toxicaria, the upas tree, is a large tropical fig-family tree of the Old World tropics whose poisonous latex is a principal ingredient of dart and arrow poisons.
Anticlea
Anticlea Kunth (1843) is a genus of ten bulbous Melanthiaceae species, the death camas, native from eastern Europe and temperate Asia to North America and Guatemala; the same name also denotes a geometrid moth genus.
Antirrhinum
Antirrhinum (snapdragons), a Mediterranean genus of Plantaginaceae with about 20-24 diploid species (2n=16), whose type species Antirrhinum majus is a leading model for flower development genetics, the ABC model, and bee-pollinated personate flowers.
Antirrhinum majus
Antirrhinum majus, the garden snapdragon (muflier), a Plantaginaceae species native to Spain and France, self-compatible, bee-pollinated, and a model plant in genetics with a 510 Mb genome.
Apera
Apera (silkybent) is a genus of about five annual grasses in Poaceae, tribe Poeae, native from Europe to Central Asia; its type species Apera spica-venti is a major herbicide-resistant weed of European winter cereals.
Apiaceae
Apiaceae, also known as Umbelliferae, is the carrot or parsley family, a family of aromatic flowering herbs whose flowers grow in umbrella-shaped clusters called umbels.
Apiales
Apiales, also known as Araliales, is an order of flowering plants containing the carrot family Apiaceae and the ginseng or ivy family Araliaceae, along with five smaller families.
Apium
Apium is a genus of Apiaceae (carrot family, order Apiales) herbs published by Linnaeus in 1753, with about 18-30 species of temperate and subtropical Old World to South America; its type species Apium graveolens is celery, cultivated as stalk celery, celeriac, and leafy smallage.
Apium graveolens
Apium graveolens (celery) is a biennial Apiaceae herb native from Macaronesia to the W. Himalaya, with three cultivar groups: stalk celery (var. dulce), celeriac (var. rapaceum), and leaf celery (var. secalinum); trials suggest modest cardiometabolic benefits.
Apocynaceae
Apocynaceae (dogbane family), formerly including Asclepiadaceae and Periplocaceae, is a large Gentianales flowering-plant family of about 392 genera and 5,747 species, mostly tropical, with milky latex, gynostegia, pollinia, and medicinal plants like Catharanthus roseus.
Apocynum
Apocynum (dogbane, Indian hemp) is a genus of Apocynaceae herbs native from SE/E Europe to W China and North America, with milky latex, paired follicles, and species including A. cannabinum, A. androsaemifolium, and A. venetum (Luobuma).
Apocynum androsaemifolium
Apocynum androsaemifolium (spreading dogbane, bitter-root) is a rhizomatous, poisonous perennial herb of the dogbane family, native from Subarctic America to NE Mexico, type species of Apocynum, hybridizing with A. cannabinum.
Apostasia
Apostasia is a genus of terrestrial orchids in Apostasioideae, with Neuwiedia one of only two genera sister to all other orchids; eight species from tropical Asia to northern Australia, with powdery pollen, actinomorphic non-resupinate flowers, and cricket-dispersed seeds.
Apricot
Apricot (Prunus armeniaca), a Rosaceae stone fruit from Central Asia with two domestication events; Turkey leads fresh production (1.27 Mt, 2024) and Türkiye dominates dried apricots; kernels contain toxic amygdalin.
Apricot kernel
Apricot kernel (Prunus armeniaca seed, amygdalin, laetrile, vitamin B17): seed inside the apricot pit; contains amygdalin that releases cyanide; no evidence it treats cancer; sale restricted in AU/NZ and EU.
Aquifoliaceae
Aquifoliaceae (holly family, Ilicaceae synonym) is a monogeneric flowering plant family in Aquifoliales, campanulids: Ilex, ca. 500-600 dioecious tree and shrub species, drupes with pyrenes, source of yerba mate and ornamental hollies.
Aquifoliales
Aquifoliales (Senft, 1856) is an accepted order of campanulid flowering plants with five families, Aquifoliaceae, Cardiopteridaceae, Helwingiaceae, Phyllonomaceae, and Stemonuraceae; synonyms Ilicales, Cardiopteridales, Helwingiales; best known for hollies, Ilex.
Aquilaria malaccensis
Aquilaria malaccensis (agarwood, karas) is a Critically Endangered Thymelaeaceae tree from Bangladesh to Malesia, the preferred agarwood source for Middle Eastern and Indian perfumery, CITES Appendix II listed since 1995, with wild populations down over 80%.
Aquilegia
Aquilegia (columbine) is a Ranunculaceae genus of about 130 perennial species native from the temperate Northern Hemisphere to Guatemala, known for petal nectar spurs that evolved 5-7 million years ago and track pollinator tongue length.
Aquilegia canadensis
Aquilegia canadensis (red columbine, wild columbine), a Ranunculaceae perennial native from Central and Eastern Canada to NE Mexico; nodding red spurred flowers, highly self-compatible, mean 75% selfing, strong inbreeding depression (δ≈0.88).
Aquilegia vulgaris
Aquilegia vulgaris (common columbine, granny's bonnets) is a European perennial Ranunculaceae herb with nodding blue-violet flowers and short hooked nectar spurs, bumblebee-pollinated, type species of Aquilegia, toxic (cyanogenic glucosides), widely cultivated and naturalized.
Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis is a genus of nine Brassicaceae species, led by Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress), the first plant genome sequenced (2000, about 125 Mb, five chromosomes) and the standard model organism of plant biology.
Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thaliana, or thale cress, is a small flowering plant in the mustard family and a central model organism in plant biology, with the first fully sequenced plant genome.
Arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides from wheat bran
Arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (AXOS) from wheat bran, also sold as wheat bran extract, are short prebiotic oligosaccharides (average DP 3-8) made by enzymatic depolymerization of wheat bran arabinoxylan; they raise fecal bifidobacteria and hold FDA GRAS status (GRN 343).
Arabis
Arabis (rockcress) is a genus of Brassicaceae, tribe Arabideae, type species Arabis alpina, with roughly 70-100 accepted Northern Hemisphere temperate-alpine species and a paraphyletic, repeatedly revised circumscription.
Araceae
Araceae, the arum family (spathe and spadix plants, including duckweeds Lemnoideae), is a monocot family in Alismatales with about 144 genera and 3,650–4,000 species, early Cretaceous fossils, thermogenic inflorescences, and staple crops taro and tannia.