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Pine
Pine (Pinus) is a large Northern Hemisphere conifer genus of about 175 species, defined by needle fascicles and woody seed cones; notable for 128-million-year-old lineage, fire-adapted serotinous cones, bristlecone longevity, and resin, timber, and edible-seed uses.
Pine nut
Pine nuts, also called pinyon nuts or pignolia, are edible gymnosperm seeds of pines such as Pinus pinea, P. koraiensis, P. sibirica, and P. edulis; not true nuts, wild-harvested, high in oil, and linked to pine mouth from P. armandii.
Pine processionary
Pine processionary (Thaumetopoea pityocampa), Mediterranean moth whose caterpillars defoliate pines and cedars, carry urticating thaumetopoein hairs, and are expanding northward with winter warming; controlled by insecticides, birds, bats, and newly documented fox and marten predation.
Pine tar
Pine tar, a wood tar from destructive distillation of Scots pine heartwood, used since antiquity as wood preservative, ship caulking, stave church coating, and topical antiseptic skin treatment.
Pineapple
Pineapple (Ananas comosus), piña, ananas: a seedless bromeliad cultigen from South America, domesticated over 6,000 years ago, third most important tropical fruit, propagated clonally from crowns, with Costa Rica supplying two-thirds of global trade.
Pineapple mania
Pineapple mania: the 17th-19th century European craze for growing and displaying pineapples (Ananas comosus) as status symbols, driving hothouse cultivation, aristocratic rivalry, the Dunmore Pineapple, and fruit motifs in architecture and decorative arts.
Pinguicula
Pinguicula, butterworts, a genus of about 130 carnivorous herbs in Lentibulariaceae with sticky flypaper leaves; Northern Hemisphere distribution, centers in Mexico/Caribbean and Europe, first carnivorous genus with CAM photosynthesis.
Pinguicula cultivars and hybrids
Pinguicula cultivars and hybrids are named, vegetatively propagated butterwort selections, valued for vigor; the ICPS registered 31 cultivar names before October 2020, including 'Sethos' and 'Weser'.
Pinnation
Pinnation, also called pinnate division, is the feather-like arrangement of leaflets (pinnae, pinnules) along a central rachis; degrees run from once-pinnate to bipinnate, tripinnate, and pinnatifid, and are primary fern identification characters.
Pinsa (bread)
Pinsa (Pinsa Romana) is an oval Roman flatbread of wheat, rice, and soy flour, 75–85% hydration, 24–72 h cold ferment, invented and trademarked by Corrado Di Marco in Rome in 2001, not an ancient recipe; crisper and lighter than pizza, no protected status.
Pinto bean
Pinto bean, a mottled-seeded market class of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), leading US dry bean class; prone to postharvest seed coat darkening controlled by the P gene; grown mainly in North Dakota.
Pinus
Pinus (pines) is the largest genus of Pinaceae, about 128 Northern Hemisphere conifer species with needle fascicles, split into hard-pine subgenus Pinus and soft-pine subgenus Strobus, origin ~128-150 Ma.
Pinus × sondereggeri
Pinus × sondereggeri, known as Sonderegger pine, is the naturally occurring hybrid of longleaf pine and loblolly pine, occurring where their ranges overlap in Louisiana and Texas.
Pinus albicaulis
Pinus albicaulis, whitebark pine, is a five-needled stone pine of high-elevation western North America, dependent on Clark's Nutcracker for seed dispersal, threatened by blister rust, mountain pine beetle, fire exclusion, and climate change, and listed as threatened (US ESA) and Endangered (Canada SARA).
Pinus aristata
Pinus aristata, Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (Colorado bristlecone pine), a five-needled pine of Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico high elevations, distinguished by white needle resin flecks, living over 2,500 years, with climate space projected to shrink 74% by 2090.
Pinus banksiana
Pinus banksiana, the jack pine (French: Pin gris), is a small to medium pine of Canada and the northern United States, growing farther north than any other American pine.
Pinus brutia
Pinus brutia (Turkish, Calabrian, or Brutia pine), eastern Mediterranean conifer from the Balkans to Iran; 3.8 million ha in Türkiye; sessile cones, serotinous fire adaptation, timber, resin, and pine honey uses.
Pinus cembra
Pinus cembra (Swiss stone pine, arolla pine, Arve, Zirbelkiefer) is an alpine Pinaceae tree of the Alps and Carpathians at 1,500–2,400 m, often forming the tree line, whose wingless seeds are dispersed almost solely by the spotted nutcracker.
Pinus contorta
Pinus contorta, commonly known as lodgepole pine, is a pine tree native to western North America, with one of the region's broadest ranges, from Alaska to northern Baja California and east to South Dakota.
Pinus densiflora
Pinus densiflora, Japanese red pine (aka-matsu) or Korean red pine (sonamu), is a two-needled East Asian pine, pioneer species, 26% of Korean forests, succeeding to Quercus oak forests.
Pinus echinata
Pinus echinata, shortleaf pine, also called southern yellow or old field pine, is a native southeastern US conifer with the widest range of any pine there, valued for timber and adapted to fire by basal sprouting, declining under fire exclusion.
Pinus edulis
Pinus edulis, the twoneedle or Colorado pinyon, is a small drought-hardy pine of the southwestern United States, two needles per fascicle, wingless edible seeds, dominant in pinyon-juniper woodland.
Pinus elliottii
Pinus elliottii, slash pine (also swamp pine, yellow slash pine), is a fast-growing hard yellow pine of the southeastern US Coastal Plain with varieties elliottii and densa, widely planted worldwide for timber, pulp, and naval stores.
Pinus gerardiana
Pinus gerardiana (chilgoza pine, Jalghoza) is a Near Threatened Himalayan pine of Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Tibet, grown for large edible wingless seeds selling at USD 20–100/kg, with natural regeneration in only ~5% of its range.
Pinus glabra
Pinus glabra (spruce pine, cedar pine, Walter pine) is a shade-tolerant medium pine of the southeastern US Coastal Plain, native from South Carolina to Louisiana, with smooth gray bark, two-needle fascicles, small cones, and brittle wood of limited commercial value.
Pinus halepensis
Pinus halepensis, Aleppo pine or Jerusalem pine, a drought- and fire-adapted Mediterranean pine covering about 6.8 million ha, with serotinous cones, resin used for Retsina wine, native from Spain to Lebanon.
Pinus hartwegii
Pinus hartwegii (Hartweg's pine, ocote, pino de las alturas) is a high-elevation Mexican and Central American pine forming monotypic forests to 4,389 m, fire-adapted, IUCN Least Concern, with habitat predicted to shrink up to 70% by 2070.
Pinus jeffreyi
Pinus jeffreyi, Jeffrey pine, is a large California-centered conifer of dry, infertile montane sites, named for John Jeffrey, with heptane-rich resin and high fire resistance as an adult.
Pinus koraiensis
Pinus koraiensis, Korean pine (channamu, 잣나무), a large East Asian white pine native to the Russian Far East, Northeast China, Korea, and Japan, grown for soft timber and edible pine nuts; IUCN Least Concern but decreasing.
Pinus longaeva
Pinus longaeva, the Great Basin bristlecone pine, is a conifer of California, Nevada, and Utah high mountains, home of Methuselah (4,765 years old), the oldest non-clonal living tree, and a key radiocarbon-calibration species.