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Tibouchina
Tibouchina (glorytree) is a Neotropical Melastomataceae genus, native S. Mexico to S. Tropical America, with 38 accepted species after the 2019 split into Pleroma, Chaetogastra, and Andesanthus; bee-pollinated, with T. herbacea invasive in Hawaii.
Tilia
Tilia (linden, lime, basswood) is a genus of about 33 accepted Malvaceae tree species native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with heart-shaped leaves and bracted flowers, valued for honey, carving wood, and top-rated urban UV reduction but drought- and salt-sensitive.
Tilia cordata
Tilia cordata Mill., small-leaved lime or littleleaf linden, is a Malvaceae tree native from Europe to Central Siberia and N. Iran, with heart-shaped 3–8 cm leaves, erect fragrant yellow flower clusters, insect pollination, 500-year lifespan, and IUCN least concern status.
Tilia platyphyllos
Tilia platyphyllos, large-leaved lime or bigleaf linden, a European Malvaceae tree up to 35 m; hexaploid 2n=82; parent of Tilia × europaea hybrid with T. cordata; nectar-rich flowers, IUCN Least Concern.
Tillandsia
Tillandsia, the air plants, is a genus of about 700 accepted species of usually epiphytic bromeliads native to tropical and subtropical America, absorbing water through leaf trichomes, using CAM photosynthesis, and including Spanish moss and the weevil-threatened T. utriculata.
Timmia megapolitana
Timmia megapolitana (Megapolitan Timmia Moss, Indian feather moss) is a calcareous-site moss of Timmiaceae, monoicous with appendiculate endostome cilia, widespread in North America and Eurasia but extinct in Germany since 1853.
Tinospora
Tinospora (qing niu dan shu, 青牛胆属) is a genus of about 34 Menispermaceae climbing vines of the Old World tropics; includes the medicinal species T. cordifolia (Giloy/Guduchi), T. crispa (makabuhay), and T. sinensis, distinguished by chemical markers and stem anatomy.
Tinospora cordifolia
Tinospora cordifolia (giloy, guduchi, heart-leaved moonseed) is an Ayurvedic medicinal liana of Menispermaceae native to the Indian subcontinent, used for diabetes, fever, and immunity, with documented alkaloids like berberine and a LiverTox score A for liver injury.
Tithonia
Tithonia (Mexican sunflower genus) is a genus of 12 Asteraceae species native from Arizona to Central America; T. rotundifolia is a garden ornamental and T. diversifolia a green manure and invasive weed.
Tithonia diversifolia
Tithonia diversifolia, known as the Mexican sunflower or tree marigold, is a yellow-flowered daisy-family shrub native to Mexico and Central America, used as medicine, forage, and green manure.
Todea and Leptopteris (southern royal ferns)
Todea and Leptopteris, the leptopteroid clade of royal ferns (Osmundaceae), are Southern Hemisphere ferns with laminar fertile pinnules, sister to Osmunda, with fossils from the Late Permian onward.
Todea barbara
Todea barbara, the Austral king fern or hard todea, is an arborescent Osmundaceae fern of southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, with trunk to 1 m, sori-free sporangia covering lower pinnae, and Nationally Vulnerable status in New Zealand.
Tomatillo
The tomatillo, also called tomate verde or Mexican husk tomato, is a nightshade plant native to Mexico and Central America, grown for its tart, husk-covered fruits used in salsa verde.
Toona
Toona is a small genus of deciduous trees in the mahogany family Meliaceae, native from China through tropical Asia to eastern Australia and grown for its light, fragrant red timber.
Toona ciliata
Toona ciliata, known as Australian red cedar or toon, is a large deciduous timber tree in the mahogany family, native from southern China to eastern Australia.
Topiary
Topiary: the art of clipping evergreen shrubs and trees, chiefly box and yew, into geometric or fanciful shapes; originated in imperial Rome, revived in Renaissance Italy, still practiced in gardens such as Levens Hall.
Torreya
Torreya, commonly stinking cedar or nutmeg yew, is a genus of six or seven evergreen conifer species in the yew family, native to eastern Asia and North America.
Torreya Guardians
Torreya Guardians: volunteer group founded 2004 by Connie Barlow, Paul S. Martin, and Lee Barnes that conducts assisted migration of the endangered Florida torreya (Torreya taxifolia) northward on private land, notably the 2008 Waynesville, NC planting.
Torreya taxifolia
Torreya taxifolia (Florida torreya, Florida nutmeg, stinking cedar) is a critically endangered yew-family conifer endemic to Apalachicola River bluffs in Florida and Georgia, reduced over 98% by fungal disease, chiefly Fusarium torreyae, to under 1,000 wild trees.
Tortellini
Tortellini: small ring-shaped stuffed egg pasta from Bologna and Modena in Emilia-Romagna, filled with pork loin, mortadella, prosciutto, Parmigiano and nutmeg, served in broth; official recipe registered in Bologna in 1974, distinct from larger cappelletti.
Tortilla
Tortilla: thin round flatbread of Mexican cuisine, corn (nixtamalized masa) or wheat flour; staple since after 300 BCE, base of tacos and burritos, now folic-acid fortified in California.
Tortilla chips
Tortilla chips: fried triangular snacks made from nixtamalized corn masa, popularized by Rebecca Webb Carranza in 1940s Los Angeles; base of nachos, a $2.5 billion U.S. retail category led by Frito-Lay.
Tortula muralis
Tortula muralis (wall screw-moss, Mauer-Drehzahnmoos) is a small Pottiaceae moss forming hoary cushions on walls, mortar, and concrete, with twisted peristome teeth of 32 filaments, almost cosmopolitan distribution, and cryptic genetic lineages.
Tostada (tortilla)
Tostada (tortilla): a flat, crispy Mexican corn tortilla, fried or comal-toasted, eaten open-faced with refried beans, protein, cheese, and salsa; prehispanic origin, Aztec name totopochtli, distinct from tacos and chalupas.
Toxicodendron
Toxicodendron, the poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac genus of Anacardiaceae, comprises about 33 species disjunctly distributed in East Asia and North America; all contain urushiol, causing allergic dermatitis, and some yield lacquer.
Toxicodendron diversilobum
Toxicodendron diversilobum, western or Pacific poison oak, is a deciduous Anacardiaceae shrub or vine native from British Columbia to northern Mexico whose urushiol oil causes allergic contact dermatitis in 10 to 50 million Americans yearly.
Toxicodendron radicans
Toxicodendron radicans, eastern poison ivy (formerly Rhus radicans), is a North American Anacardiaceae vine or shrub with three leaflets whose urushiol causes allergic contact dermatitis in most people.
Toxicodendron vernix
Toxicodendron vernix (poison sumac, swamp sumac, thunderwood), basionym Rhus vernix, is a wetland Anacardiaceae shrub of eastern North America with 7-13 leaflets on red stalks and urushiol in all parts causing allergic contact dermatitis.
Trachelium
Trachelium (blue throatwort, throatwort) is a small Campanulaceae genus of Macaronesia and the western Mediterranean; Trachelium caeruleum is a violet-blue garden perennial and cut flower with a two-week vase life.
Trachelospermum jasminoides
Trachelospermum jasminoides (络石, teikakazura), star jasmine or confederate jasmine, is an evergreen Apocynaceae liana native from Japan to Vietnam, grown for fragrant white flowers and used in Chinese medicine as caulis trachelospermi.