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Verbascum
Verbascum (mullein) is a genus of about 360 hairy herbs in Scrophulariaceae, native from Europe to Sri Lanka and Kenya, centered in Turkey and Iran, sister to Scrophularia, with Celsia and Rhabdotosperma as synonyms and V. thapsus the best-known medicinal species.
Verbascum thapsus
Verbascum thapsus, common or great mullein, woolly mullein, aaron's-rod: a biennial Scrophulariaceae herb native from Europe to the Himalaya, naturalized across North America and Japan, with fuzzy rosette leaves and tall yellow flower spikes.
Verbena
Verbena (vervain) is a Verbenaceae genus of about 250-350 species, mostly American, established by Linnaeus in 1753 with type V. officinalis; includes medicinal common vervain and ornamental tall verbena V. bonariensis.
Verbesina
Verbesina, commonly known as crownbeard, is a genus of 150 to 325 species of flowering plants in the sunflower family, native from the United States to South America.
Vernalization
Vernalization is the promotion of flowering by prolonged cold exposure, which gives the shoot apical meristem competency to flower after winter, as in winter cereals and biennial crops.
Vernonia
Vernonia (bitter leaf genus; ironweed) is a conserved Asteraceae genus in tribe Vernonieae, now with 325 accepted species after the old 1,000-species mega-genus was split, best known for medicinal species like Vernonia amygdalina.
Veronica
Veronica (speedwell) is a genus of about 450 species of herbs and shrubs in Plantaginaceae, order Lamiales, cosmopolitan mainly in temperate Northern Hemisphere regions, with four-lobed corollas, two stamens, and iridoid glucoside chemistry.
Verticordia
Verticordia (feather-flower) is a conserved Australian genus of about 102 species of showy shrubs in Myrtaceae, tribe Chamelaucieae, centered in southwest Western Australia, with plumose stigmas and many rare, range-restricted species.
Vesicularia dubyana
Vesicularia dubyana, a tropical Asian aquarium moss long called Java moss and now sold as Singapore moss; most trade Java moss is actually Taxiphyllum barbieri, distinguished by underwater spore capsules.
Viburnum
Viburnum, genus of about 200 species of shrubs and small trees in Viburnaceae (formerly Adoxaceae, Caprifoliaceae), order Dipsacales; opposite leaves, drupaceous fruit, Northern Hemisphere range with Andean and tropical Asian extensions, major ornamental genus.
Viburnum lantana
Viburnum lantana, the wayfaring tree, is a deciduous Viburnaceae shrub native from Europe to Iran and NW Africa, with hairy wrinkled leaves, malodorous white cymes, and red-to-black drupes; berries are poisonous to humans.
Viburnum opulus
Viburnum opulus, the guelder rose or European cranberrybush (snowball tree), is a Viburnaceae shrub native from Europe to Siberia, Türkiye, and N. Algeria, with sterile outer flowers, red winter drupes, crampbark medicinal use, and the 16th-century 'Roseum' snowball cultivar.
Viburnum tinus
Viburnum tinus, laurustinus (laurier-tin), is a Mediterranean evergreen viburnum shrub to 3 m with glossy leaves, pink-budded white winter-spring flowers, metallic blue fruit, USDA zone 7-9 hardiness, and IUCN Least Concern status.
Vicia
Vicia (vetches) is a genus of Fabaceae legumes, 1753, about 140-251 species, temperate to tropical mountains; includes faba bean (V. faba) and forage vetches like V. sativa and V. villosa; distinguished from Lathyrus by a hairy style tuft.
Vicia cracca
Vicia cracca (bird vetch, tufted vetch, cow vetch) is a temperate Eurasian perennial legume with tendrils and purple racemes, introduced to North America as forage and a nitrogen-fixing cover crop.
Vicia faba
Vicia faba (faba bean, broad bean) is a cool-season annual grain legume of Fabaceae, 2n=12, grown for protein-rich seeds; fixes nitrogen via Rhizobium; domesticated in the Levant ~10,200 cal BP; China leads production.
Vicia hirsuta
Vicia hirsuta, known as hairy tare or tiny vetch, is a slender climbing annual legume in the family Fabaceae, native to temperate Eurasia and naturalized widely in temperate regions.
Vicia sativa
Vicia sativa, common vetch or garden vetch, is a scrambling annual Fabaceae legume native from Macaronesia and North Africa to temperate Eurasia, grown for forage, grain, cover cropping, and green manure, with nitrogen-fixing root nodules and seven subspecies.
Vicia villosa
Vicia villosa (hairy vetch, winter vetch) is a Fabaceae vining legume native from the Canary Islands and Europe to Central Asia, grown as a winter annual cover crop and forage for nitrogen fixation, weed suppression, and erosion control, limited by seed dormancy and toxicity to cattle.
Vidalia onion
Vidalia onion: sweet, mild yellow Granex-type onion legally restricted to a 20-county low-sulfur region of southeast Georgia; begun 1931, protected by the 1986 Vidalia Onion Act and Federal Marketing Order 955, Georgia's official state vegetable since 1990.
Vigna
Vigna, genus of Fabaceae legumes including cowpea, mung bean, adzuki bean, and urd bean; fast-growing tropical diploid crops with 416–1,394 Mbp genomes; only about 10 of over 100 species domesticated.
Vigna mungo
Vigna mungo (black gram, urad, urd bean, mash), a Fabaceae pulse cultigen domesticated in India about 4,500 years ago from V. mungo var. silvestris; India produces over 70% of the global crop, mainly for dal.
Vigna subterranea
Vigna subterranea, Bambara groundnut, is an African annual legume (Fabaceae) with underground pods, drought tolerance, and nitrogen fixation; third most important African legume after groundnut and cowpea, origin debated between Mali and Nigeria-Cameroon.
Vinca
Vinca (periwinkle) is a genus of seven Apocynaceae groundcover species native to Europe to Central Asia, including V. major and V. minor, invasive in North America; distinct from Catharanthus roseus, source of vinca alkaloids.
Vinca minor
Vinca minor, lesser or common periwinkle, is an evergreen Apocynaceae ground cover native to Europe and the Caucasus, spreading by stolons, rarely by seed, producing vincamine, and invasive in parts of North America.
Vincetoxicum
Vincetoxicum (swallow-worts, formerly including Tylophora) is a genus of about 150 Apocynaceae vines and herbs native from Europe and Africa to the Pacific; V. nigrum and V. rossicum are invasive North American weeds.
Vine
Vine: a plant with a weak stem that climbs by twining, tendrils, adhesive pads, or adventitious roots; woody vines are lianas. Climbing occurs in over 40% of angiosperm families and was an early land plant innovation.
Viola (plant)
Viola (violets, violas, pansies), genus of Violaceae published by Linnaeus in 1753; 525-664 species worldwide, South American origin, mixed chasmogamous and cleistogamous reproduction, revised in 2022 into 2 subgenera and 31 sections.
Viola odorata
Viola odorata, sweet violet (banafša), a stoloniferous Violaceae perennial native from Europe to W. & N. Iran and NW. Africa; fragrant early-spring flowers, medicinal and perfumery uses, 2n=20, 34,902 annotated genes.
Viola tricolor
Viola tricolor (heartsease, wild pansy, Johnny-jump-up) is a European to SW Siberian and NW Iranian violet, Violaceae, 2n=26, ancestor of the garden pansy, used medicinally and as an edible flower.