4,295 articles
Astragalus gummifer
Astragalus gummifer (goat's thorn, geven) is a spiny Fabaceae subshrub native to Türkiye, Lebanon, Iraq, and Iran, the species usually cited as the source of gum tragacanth (E 413), used as an emulsifier and thickener.
Astrocaryum
Astrocaryum (tucumã, murumuru palms) is a spiny Neotropical palm genus of Arecaceae, native Mexico to tropical America, about 39–40 species, Brazil richest; fruits eaten, fiber and oil used.
Astronium
Astronium Jacq. (Anacardiaceae) is a neotropical genus of about 12-13 hardwood tree species, type species A. graveolens, ranging from Mexico to northern Argentina; sources of tigerwood and gonçalo-alves timber.
Astronium urundeuva
Astronium urundeuva (allemão) Engl., aroeira or urunday, a South American Anacardiaceae timber tree; a synonym of Myracrodruon urundeuva, native to Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina, IUCN Least Concern.
Astrophytum capricorne
Astrophytum capricorne, the goat's horn cactus, is a globose NE Mexican cactus with white-flecked 7-9-ribbed stems, twisted goat-horn-like spines, and large yellow red-throated summer flowers; IUCN least concern, CITES Appendix II, RHS AGM.
Ataulfo (mango)
Ataulfo (Ataúlfo, honey or champagne mango) is a Mexican mango cultivar from Soconusco, Chiapas, found by Ataulfo Morales Gordillo; small, creamy, fiberless, 35% of US mango volume, denomination of origin since 2003.
Atemoya
Atemoya (Annona × atemoya), also called custard apple in Australia, is a sugar apple × cherimoya hybrid bred in Florida around 1907–1908, grown for sweet custard-like fruit that usually needs hand or beetle pollination.
Athyriaceae
Athyriaceae, the lady fern family, is a family of terrestrial ferns with elongated sori along the veins, comprising Athyrium, Deparia, and Diplazium, with about 650 species.
Athyrium
Athyrium (ladyfern) is a cosmopolitan fern genus of about 160-220 species in Athyriaceae, centered in temperate Asia; type species Athyrium filix-femina, the common ladyfern, with horseshoe-shaped sori and x=40.
Athyrium filix-femina
Athyrium filix-femina, the lady fern, is a deciduous circumboreal fern of Athyriaceae with bipinnate 60–120 cm fronds and kidney-shaped sori; named by Roth in 1799 from Linnaeus's Polypodium filix-femina, with hundreds of garden cultivars.
Athyrium niponicum
Athyrium niponicum, the Japanese painted fern, is an east Asian perennial fern (basionym Asplenium niponicum, 1865), native from the E. Himalaya to the Russian Far East; var. pictum is a silver-fronded shade garden plant, sometimes placed in Anisocampium.
Athyrium yokoscense
Athyrium yokoscense (Japanese metal-tolerant lady fern, Athyriaceae/Aspleniaceae) is an East Asian perennial fern from Japan, Korea, China, and the Russian Far East, a cadmium hyperaccumulator that also tolerates and accumulates arsenic, copper, lead, and zinc on mine soils.
Atractylis
Atractylis L. (glue thistle group) is a Mediterranean-to-Pakistan genus of spiny Asteraceae herbs in tribe Cardueae, described by Linnaeus in 1753; A. gummifera is fatally toxic via atractyloside.
Atractylodes
Atractylodes (苍术, 白术) is an East Asian Asteraceae genus of medicinal rhizome herbs; Kew accepts 4 species, with 371 isolated compounds dominated by sesquiterpenes and polyacetylenes like atractylenolides and atractylodin.
Atractylodes macrocephala
Atractylodes macrocephala (Baizhu, 白术) is an Asteraceae perennial herb of East Asia whose dried rhizome is a major traditional Chinese medicine tonic for the spleen, with 79+ isolated compounds including atractylenolides I-III.
Atrichum
Atrichum (smoothcap or starburst mosses), genus of about 15-20 acrocarpous mosses in Polytrichaceae, temperate both hemispheres; hairless calyptra, sparse lamellae, 32-toothed peristome, shady moist disturbed-soil habitats; synonym Catharinea.
Atriplex
Atriplex (orache, saltbush) is the largest genus of Amaranthaceae, about 250-260 species of C3 and C4 herbs and shrubs of deserts and saline habitats, originating in Oligocene Asia with diversity centers in Australia and the New World.
Atropa
Atropa is a small genus of perennial herbs in Solanaceae, tribe Hyoscyameae, named for the Greek Fate Atropos. Its six species, including deadly nightshade (Atropa bella-donna), contain toxic tropane alkaloids such as atropine and scopolamine.
Atropa belladonna
Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade), Solanaceae perennial herb native to Europe to N. Iran and NW. Africa; purple bell flowers, black glossy berries with 0.65% tropane alkaloids; source of atropine, first isolated 1831.
Attalea (palm)
Attalea is a genus of solitary, pinnate-leaved palms native from Mexico to Bolivia, Paraguay, and the Caribbean, known for massive species with some of the largest palm fruits.
Attalea crassispatha
Attalea crassispatha, also known as Maximiliana crassispatha or Orbignya crassispatha, is the carossier palm, a critically endangered Haitian palm of which only about 25 survive in the wild.
Attalea speciosa
Attalea speciosa (babassu, babaçu; syn. Orbignya phalerata) is a South American palm from Suriname to Bolivia whose lauric-acid-rich kernel oil supports over 300,000 Brazilian extractivists; IUCN Least Concern.
Aucuba
Aucuba (Japanese laurel, spotted laurel, gold dust plant; アオキ) is a genus of ten evergreen Asian shrubs in Garryaceae, dioecious, shade- and drought-tolerant, with Aucuba japonica widely grown as a variegated ornamental with red berries.
Aucuba japonica (アオキ)
Aucuba japonica (アオキ), Japanese or spotted laurel, is a dioecious Garryaceae evergreen shrub from East Asia, grown since its 1783 British introduction for gold-spotted leaves, shade tolerance, and red winter berries on female plants.
Aulacoseira
Aulacoseira is a genus of freshwater centric diatoms, chain-forming algae with silica cell walls that are widespread and abundant in lakes and large rivers, with a fossil record reaching back to the Paleocene.
Aurinia
Aurinia (L.) Desv., goldentuft or basket of gold, is a genus of 7 Brassicaceae species native to central and southeastern Europe to Türkiye; A. saxatilis is a popular yellow rock-garden perennial.
Austral and tropical clubmoss segregate genera
The austral and tropical clubmoss segregate genera are southern-hemisphere and tropical clubmoss lineages, including Austrolycopodium and Lateristachys, carved out of the broadly defined genus Lycopodium.
Austroblechnum
Austroblechnum is a genus of dimorphic ferns in Blechnaceae, split from Blechnum in 2016 by Gasper et al.; its spores have a distinctive nonfolded, smooth or granulate perine, mainly Southern Hemisphere species.
Autoflowering cannabis
Autoflowering cannabis: day-neutral, photoperiod-insensitive Cannabis sativa, trait traced to ruderalis-type genetics; mapped loci Autoflower1 (recessive, chromosome 1), Autoflower2 (FT1 duplication), smaller plants and shorter cycles than photoperiod cultivars.
Autumn leaf color
Autumn leaf color, also known as fall foliage, is the yearly change in deciduous leaves from green to yellow, orange, red, purple, and brown as trees shed for winter.